基于词项分析框架的汉语基本颜色词“白”的搭配研究
A Collocational Study of the Chinese Basic Color Term "白" (White) Based on a Lexical Analysis Framework
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초록
颜色词作为人类对光的视觉效应在语言中的反映，承载着丰富的文化内涵和认知特征，具有重要的研究价值。以往对汉语基本颜色词的研究多从文化内涵或认知隐喻角度展开，基于语料库驱动的词语共现搭配研究相对较少，缺乏系统性的量化描述。本文基于John Sinclair（1996，2004）提出的最大描写路径（maximal approach），运用词项分析框架对汉语基本颜色词"白"的搭配特征进行系统考察。研究以北京语言大学BCC现代汉语语料库为数据来源，采用随机抽样方法获取索引行，借助LancsBox X 5.0.3语料库分析工具，从词语搭配（collocation）、类联接（colligation）、语义倾向（semantic preference）和语义韵（semantic prosody）四个维度，定量分析"白"的共现搭配模式。研究按T值、MI值排序提取了高频词语搭配；"白"具有多元化的语义倾向，呈现出积极、消极和中性三种语义韵特征，在不同搭配语境中传达不同的情感色彩。本研究为汉语基本颜色词的搭配研究提供了量化数据支撑，丰富了汉语颜色词研究的理论框架，对国际中文教学和跨文化交流具有实践指导意义。
Abstract
Color terms, as linguistic reflections of human visual perception of light, carry rich cultural connotations and cognitive characteristics, making them of significant research value. Previous studies on basic color terms in Chinese have primarily approached the topic from cultural connotations or cognitive metaphor perspectives, with relatively few corpus-driven investigations into word co-occurrence and collocation patterns, lacking systematic quantitative descriptions. This study employs the maximal approach proposed by John Sinclair (1996, 2004) and applies a lexical analysis framework to systematically examine the collocational characteristics of the Chinese basic color term "白" (white). Using the BCC Modern Chinese Corpus from Beijing Language and Culture University as the data source, the study adopts random sampling methods to obtain concordance lines and utilizes LancsBox X 5.0.3 corpus analysis tools to quantitatively analyze the co-occurrence patterns of "白" from four dimensions: collocation, colligation, semantic preference, and semantic prosody. The study extracts high-frequency collocates ranked by T-score and MI values. The findings reveal that "白" exhibits diversified semantic preferences and demonstrates positive, negative, and neutral semantic prosody characteristics, conveying different emotional colorings in various collocational contexts. This research provides quantitative data support for collocation studies of basic color terms in Chinese, enriches the theoretical framework for Chinese color term research, and offers practical guidance for international Chinese language teaching and cross-cultural communication.