淸 勅使·通官에의 조선 호피 · 표피 사여와 무역

Abstract

Joseon used to give private offerings which were not considered as official tribute to The Later Jin(後金)’s royal messengers. That was such a common custom since Ming(明)’s royal messengers visited Joseon, so The Later Jin’s messengers forced Joseon to do the same because they already had known about the custom. After Qing dynasty established, royal messengers, who deliver the emperor’s royal orrespondences, were consisted of one senior and junior messenger each, and several numbers of interpreters. When the messengers stayed in Joseon, they enjoyed banquets and the government gave offerings to them. In that period, leopard furs were preferred than tiger furs. During the early period of Qing dynasty’s establishment, six tiger furs and 29 leopard furs were given to each of senior and junior messengers. When Hong Taiji emperor(崇德帝) passed away and Shunzi emperor(順治帝) got the throne, the number of fur offerings had been decreased as to five tiger furs and 15 leopard furs. The reasons of decline of fur numbers seemed like because of a celebration for the throne and to show the emperor’s kindness for people of Joseon Years after, however, each of the two royal messengers still got one leopard fur, and the other groups of messengers got tens of leopard furs. Numerous people of Qing dynasty such as interpreters, generals and even royal families of Shenyang(瀋陽) wanted to trade leopard furs because people of Beijing(北京) thought the furs are very precious and luxurious ones. Tiger and leopard furs were good for gifts, and those were symbolic items like sitting mats and luxurious hats that could show aristocratic authorities to other people. But Joseon was in a horrific situation because the messengers’ heavy demand for furs made people of Joseon in deep suffer, and even some Joseon villages fell into disrepair.