우리나라 외근경찰관 휴대무기 체계 개선방안에 관한 연구
A Study on the Reformation of the Police Weapon-Carrying System in the Korean Police Organization: A Focus on the Use of Force Continuum in American Policing
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초록
미국 내 대부분의 경찰관서에는 시민의 저항수준에 따른 적절한 경찰 물리력을 설정함으로써 합리적인 경찰 물리력 사용을 담보하기 위한 경찰 물리력 사용 지침으로 활용되는 ‘경찰 물리력 사용 연속체(police use of force continuum)’를 도입, 운영하고 있다. 대부분의 미국 경찰관은 이러한 ‘경찰 물리력 사용 연속체’에 입각하여 살상 무기인 총기뿐만 아니라 테이저건, 호신용 OC 최루액 분사기, 경찰봉 등 일련의 총기대체장비도 근무 중 항상 휴대하고 있다. 반면 우리나라 지구대 파출소의 외근경찰관은 2인1조 근무원칙에 의거 총기, 테이저건(또는 가스분사기)은 분리 휴대, 삼단봉은 선택적으로 휴대하고 있다. 따라서 우리나라 외근경찰의 2인1조 근무원칙이 제대로 지켜지지 않는 경우에는 심각한 경찰 물리력 공백이 발생할 가능성이 높으며 이로 인하여 시민 또는 경찰관의 생명에 중대한 위험이 초래될 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 우리나라 외근경찰관의 휴대무기 체계의 문제점을 미국 및 우리나라의 판례와 실제 경찰관 물리력 사용 사례를 바탕으로 분석하였다. 결론적으로 이 연구에서는 우리나라 지구대 파출소 외근경찰관 개인별로 ‘권총-테이저건-삼단봉-호신용 OC 최루액 분사기’ 등 일련의 경찰장비를 휴대하여 할 필요성, 권총 실탄사격 위주의 훈련에서 탈피, 종합적인 경찰 물리력 사용 훈련 프로그램의 도입 그리고 사용된 모든 신체적 물리력에 대한 보고서 작성 제도의 도입을 정책적 대안으로 제시하였다.
Abstract
A growing number of police departments in the United States have adopted police use of force continuum as a management tool in an effort to instruct their officers regarding adequate use of force, ordering appropriate police force relative to citizen resistance levels. The majority of police officers in the Unites States are equipped with not only deadly weapon but also a series of non-lethal force including taser guns, OC sprays and batons, which is a result of the decisions of the United States Supreme Court as in Tennessee v. Garner (1985) and Graham v. Connor (1989). Nevertheless, patrol officers in the Korean National Police Agency carry only a handgun or a taser, not both. Furthermore, Korean patrol officers are not mandated to carry a baton while on duty. As a result, it is likely that patrol officers experience the lack of adequate police force options during their encounters with citizen resistance, which may lead to police use of excessive force as well as officer injury or death. Based on court decisions and real cases both in the United States and Korea regarding the incidents related with flaws in police use of force continuum, the present study attempted to reveal the problematic issues resulting from the inadequacy in the current weapon carrying system in the Korean Police Agency. Finally, the present study suggests that each individual patrol officer should carry a series of weapons, including a handgun, a taser, a baton, and OC spray. The suggested new police weapon carrying system must be followed by comprehensive use of police force training as well as mandatory use-of-force reporting systems.
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