포스트 코로나 시대 디지털 문화예술 정책과제의 쟁점과 방향성: 국제기구 정책 담론과 국가정책 사례를 중심으로
Key Issues and Future Trends of Digital Cultural Policy in the Post-Pandemic Era
3
조회
0
다운로드
15
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
세계경제포럼에서 4차 산업혁명이 언급되면서 디지털화(digitalization)와 디지털 전환(digital transformation)에 대한 문화정책 어젠다 수립의 필요성이 대두되었다. 이후 코로나19 팬데믹의 영향으로 개인의 삶과 사회 전반이 온라인으로 빠르게 이동하면서 문화예술계에서도 디지털 환경에 적합한 정책과제 및 실행안 모색과 논의가 가속화되었다. 이러한 시대적 흐름과 필요에 따라 본 논문은 해외정책이전(cross- national policy transfer)의 개념(Dolowitz & Marsh, 2000)에 근거하여 해외정책사례 분석을 통해 주요 정책과제 도출 및 쟁점을 탐색하는 데 목적을 두었다. 우선 OECD와 UNESCO가 제시하고 있는 문화예술․창의산업 정책 담론을 고찰하고, 영국과 캐나다의 디지털 문화정책을 중심으로 국가별 사례분석을 시행하였다. 세계경제포럼에서 발표한 ‘디지털 전환(digital transformation)에 따른 사회․경제적 변화와 기회 모형’을 분석틀로 삼아 국제기구와 국가별 문화예술 분야의 정책과제와 방향성을 분석한 결과 지속가능한 경제적 발전 모색과 문화다양성 확보가 주요 쟁점으로 도출되었다. 불확실성과 경계의 모호성이 특징인 디지털 환경에서는 영역의 구분을 초월한 네트워킹과 협업, 연구개발(R&D)과 실험적 시도 기회 지원, 새로운 비즈니스 모델의 개발, 그리고 이해관계자의 디지털 역량 강화 등이 정책과제이자 지향해야 할 방향으로 드러났다.
Abstract
Digital transformation has become a vital concept in many global agendas ever since Klaus Schwab discussed the Fourth Industrial Revolution at the 2016 World Economic Forum. The digital surge during the COVID-19 pandemic has induced more significant impacts on every facet of our society and has imposed countering policy measures on policymakers and governments to cope with the crisis. This research aims to identify the current trends and issues of cultural policies in the digital environment at a global level. By adopting the conceptual framework of cross-national policy transfer (Dolowitz & Marsh, 2000) and three opportunities to drive purpose-led digital transformation (World Economic Forum, 2020), this study engages with a qualitative research design by conducting document analysis based on policy reports and international policy cases published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Additionally, the authors have selected two countries for their case study, Canada and the UK, to review their digital cultural policy plans that were initiated before the pandemic and were well-received. This research suggests that, while the arts and creative sectors should adapt to the new digital environment from technologies to business models, potential inequalities, such as cultural representations and market-oriented consumptions, must also be monitored and prevented. For sustainable development of the arts and cultural domain, public agencies also need to invest and promote innovative collaborations and networking and experimental arts projects and research. Further, they must develop new business models for arts and creative organizations with more open and user-driven policy measures.
참고문헌 (57)
- 디지털 트랜스포메이션 촉진을 위한 DNA 생태계 활성화 과제, "김경훈", 정보통신정책연구원, ~, pp.AI TREND WATCH 2020-15호 (2020)
- "한국판 뉴딜 종합계획" (2020), 대한민국정부[URL]
- "2021년 업무계획" (2021), 문화체육관광부[URL]
- 4차 산업혁명 시대의 문화예술지원 개선방안 연구, "박순보", 한국문화예술위원회, ~ (2018)
- 포스트코로나 시대 비대면 공연예술의 전망과 과제, "백선혜", 서울연구원, ~, pp.정책리포트 제307호 (2020)
- 문화예술 유통․소비 활성화를 위한 4차산업혁명 기술 활용방안 연구, "안성아", (재)예술경영지원센터, ~ (2019)
- 4차 산업혁명 시대의 문화정책 연구, "서우석", 문화체육관광부, ~ (2019)
- 신혜선, "공연예술창작산실육성지원사업의 전략적발전방안을 위한 비교연구: 한국, 미국, 영국, 캐나다 사례를 중심으로신혜선", 예술경영연구, (38), pp.155~183 (2016), 한국예술경영학회
- 코로나19가 문화예술분야에 미친 영향및 정책대응방안 연구, "양혜원", 한국문화관광연구원, ~ (2020)
- 임학순, "문화와 국민행복: 문화국가 만들기", pp.281~308 (2019), 대영문화사
- 포스트코로나시대, 지역문화재단 방향과 과제, "임학순", 한국지역문화정책연구소, ~ (2020)
- "디지털화 관련 OECD 주요 논의․연구 결과 및 시사점" (2019), 주 오이시디 대한민국 대표부[URL]
- "Digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation: Confuse them at your peril" (2018)[URL]
- Bruel, J., "Borrowing experiences from other countries. In new ideas, better government", pp.74~82 (1996), Allen and Unwin
- The Arts in a Digital Worldliterature review, final report, "Canada Council for the Arts", ~ (2016)
- "National survey on federal emergency aid measure and the arts sector in Canada" (2020)[URL]
- "Reimagine the arts: 2021-26 strategic plan" (2021)[URL]
- Culture is digital: June 2019 Progress Report, "Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport", ~ (2019)
- "Cultural policy in the time of digital disruption: The case of creative Canada" (2018)[URL]
- Dolowitz, D. P., "Learning from abroad: The role of policy transfer in contemporary policy-making", Governance: An International Journal of Policy and Administration, 13(1), pp.5~24 (2000)
- Etzioni, A., "Mixed scanning: A ‘third’ approach to decision-making", Public Administration Review, 27(6), pp.385~392 (1967)
- Evans, M., "NeW directions in the study of policy transfer", Policy Studies, 30(3), pp.237~241 (2009)
- "The digital transformation agenda and GLAMs: A quick scan report for Europeana" (2020)[URL]
- "The adoption of digital technology in the arts, evidence review. Digital innovation fund for the arts in Wales" (2017)[URL]
- "Creative Canada policy framework" (2017)[URL]
- Kingdon, J. W., "Agendas, alternatives, and public policies" (2003), Longman
- "97% of executives say Covid-19 sped up digital transformation" (2020)[URL]
- Supporting culture in the digital age, public report, "Kulesz, O.", International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA), ~ (2020)
- Legrand, T., "Overseas and over here: Policy transfer and evidence-based policy-making", Policy Studies, 33(4), pp.329~348 (2012)
- Mossberger, K., "Policy transfer as a form of prospective policy evaluation : Challenges and recommendations", Public Administration Review, 63(4), pp.428~440 (2003)
- Moynihan, D. P., "From intercrisis to intracrisis learning", Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 17(3), pp.189~198 (2009)
- "Going digital: Shaping policies, improving lives-summary" (2019)[URL]
- Going Digital: Strengthening digital government, "OECD", OECD, ~ (2019)
- "Culture shock: COVID-19 and the culture and creative sectors, Tacking Coronavirus (COVID-19): Contributing to a global effort" (2020)[URL]
- "The cultural ecosystem endangered, International Arts Management & Covid 19" (2020)[URL]
- Powell, M., "Intra-crisis learning and prospective policy transfer in the COVID-19 pandemic", International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(9, pp.10) (2020), 877~892
- Rose, R., "Lesson-drawing in public policy" (1993), Chatham House Publishers, Inc
- Soto-Acosta, P., "COVID-19 Pandemic: Shifting digital transformation to a high-speed gear, information system management", ~ (2020)
- Stake, R. E., "Handbook of qualitative research", pp.435~453 (2000), Sage
- "The third industrial revolution" (2012)[URL]
- UNESCO, "Operational guidelines on the implementation of the convention in the digital environment", ~ (2017)
- UNESCO, "Intergovernmental committee for the protection and promotion of the diversty of cultural expressions, Twelfth Session. Paris", UNESCO Headquarters, ~ (2018)
- "ResiliArt: Artists and creativity beyond crisis" (2020)[URL]
- "Culture in crisis: Policy guide for a resilient creative sector" (2020)[URL]
- "Culture & COVID-19: Impact & response tracker" (2020)[URL]
- "Cultural and creative industries in the face of COVID-19: An economic impact outlook" (2021)[URL]
- Vlassis, A., "Global online platforms, COVID-19, and culture: The global pandemic, an accelerator towards which direction?", Media, Culture & Society, 43(5), pp.957~969 (2021)[DOI]
- "Culture in the Covid-19 recovery: Good for your wallet, good for resilience, and good for you, Sustainable Cities" (2020)[URL]
- Weible, C. M, "COVID-19 and the policy sciences: Initial reactions and perspectives", Policy Sciences, 53, pp.225~241 (2020)
- Williams, C. C., "Evaluating the cross-national transferability of policies : A conceptual framework", Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 19(4), pp.1~16 (2014)
- "Digital transformation: Power the great reset" (2020)[URL]
- "Our predictions for the post Covid world's impact on arts and culture" (2020)[URL]
- Yin, R. K., "Case study research: Design and methods" (2009), Sage
- "잉글랜드 예술위원회 홈페이지"[URL]
- "캐나다 예술위원회 홈페이지"[URL]
- "캐나다 정부 공식 홈페이지"[URL]
- "한국정보통신기술협회 홈페이지"[URL]