정몽주의 언양(彦陽) 적거(謫居)와 울산 구강(鷗江)ㆍ반구(盤龜)서원의 설립

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine Ulsan Gugang Seowon and Eonyang Bangu Seowon among several seowon to enshrine and worship Jeong Mong-ju. As seowon were the primary base to collect Hyangchon Sarim’s general opinions, their roles increased after the mid-17th century when factional politics genuinely began. Moreover, in the process of developing fractional politics, Hyangchon Sarim needed seowon to be associated with the central political power to avoid isolation and also as the base to carry out their country activities. Within such interests of the two parties, seowon․sawoo came to be founded explosively and abusively then. Gugang Seowon and Bangu Seowon were seowon founded through Ilhyang Sarim’s cooperation within that social atmosphere. Founding seowon was primarily for studying and secondarily for Sahyeon (祀賢) as well. Therefore, to found seowon, there had to be a figure to hold a memorial service for and worship. The person to be enshrined and worshiped should be associated with the location of the seowon, and about their qualifications, originally, ‘one had to be well-learned and have made contributions to Confucianism. But in Ulsan and Eonyang, there was yet no Yuhyeon (儒賢) who was from the town and could be enshrined and worshiped in the seowon reasonably. As a matter of fact, founding Gugang Seowon, they selected two Yuhyeon, Jeong Mong-ju and Lee Eon-jeok, not from Ulsan but from close regions, Yeongcheon and Gyeongju, saying, “Jeong Mong-ju was in exile to Sokhyeon (屬縣) Eonyang for two years, and Lee Eon-jeok contributed to Yuhwa (儒化) significantly while staying there as a neighbor.” After that, in Eonyang, too, coming up with the same reasons, they founded Bangu Seowon adding Jeonggu in order to avoid any suspicion that the seowon were built for the overlapped worshiping of Jeong Mong-ju, Lee Eon-jeok, and the same person of Gugang Seowon. In this sense, Gugang Seowon and Bangu Seowon could not have been built then but for Mong-ju. This study will organize the contents about the exile of Jeong Mong-ju, a person to be enshrined and worshiped in Gugang Seowon and Bangu Seowon, to Eonyang and also the social background and process of founding the two seowon.