요가철학에서 개별의식의 변형 과정

Abstract

The Yoga is essentially a way to control the five senses(pañcaindriyas) and move on to the a peaceful world(寂靜世界, śamaloka) to the world of the external objects, aims to suppress ‘the individual consciousness(個別意識, citta)’. Here, suppression not only suppresses the action(vṛtti) of ‘the citta that is scattered(vikṣepacitta)’, but also suppresses the actions(vṛttis) of the citta in the 無伺三昧(nirvicarasamādhi). Thus yoga requires the transformation of the citta/cetas into the pure consciousness(Puruṣa) of the 無種子 三昧(nirbīja-samādhi). This process of the transformations was explained through the Yoga sūtra and its commentary the Vyāsa’s Yogasūtrabhāṣya. Especially in this process, ‘Paravairāgya’ is the goal of yoga, and this is like the realization of the nirbījasamādhi. The nirbījasamādhi is not only blocks ‘the well-balanced wisdom(prajñā, 叡智)’ of the samādhi, but also blocks ‘the potential power(saṁskāra, 潛勢力)’ generated by the well-balanced wisdom. Because it is the ‘paravairāgya’, if the well-balanced wisdom in the samādhi ceases, then the saṁskāra of it will also disappear. Thus, the saṁskāras block the mission of individual consciousness but do not stabilize individual consciousness. This means that only the saṁskāra to make ‘a living alone(獨存, kaivalya)’ will help to stabilize the citta. For this reason, the citta in which the mission is terminated is accompanied by the saṁskāra to act as the cause of the kaivalya, so that all of their actions cease; When the activity of the citta ceases, it is transformed into ‘the pure consciousness(Puruṣa)’. Accordingly, all the actions of citta are extinguished and return to ‘the fundamental material principle(prakṛti)’ by oneself. At this time, the ‘pure consciousness’ is in its original state, so it is in a state of the Kaivalya state without dependence on others. Also this state is the liberation(mokṣa, apavarga) of the Prakṛti. In other words, the Nirbīja-samādhi is transformed into ‘Puruṣa’ because all the objects of the cittas are rooted out, so that the goal of yoga as "Kaivalya/Mokṣa" is realized.