어머니와 만 2세 영아의 반응성 및 반응성간의 관계
Mothers’ and Their 2 Year Old Toddlers’ Responsiveness and the Relationship between Them in Responsiveness
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본 연구는 어머니-영아간 상호작용에서 어머니의 반응성과 영아의 반응성 및 반응성간의 관계를 살펴보기 위해 서울에 거주하는 중류층 가정의 걸음마기(만 2세) 자녀 36명과 그들의 어머니 36명으로 총 72명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 수행과제에서 이루어진 상호작용에서의 반응성을 통합적 방법과 구체적 방법으로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 수행과제별로 어머니의 반응성은 전반적으로 비슷한 수준으로 나타났고 하위범주별로 참여성은 높게 나타난 반면에 권위적인 통제/협력성은 다소 낮게 나타났다. 특히 반응성이 높은 어머니는 영아의 시도에 대해 긍정적으로 반응해주는 횟수가 많았다. 영아 또한 수행과제별로 비교적 높은 수준의 반응성을 비슷한 수준으로 유지하였고 하위범주별로 참여성은 높게 나타난 반면에 협력성은 다소 낮게 나타났다. 특히 반응성이 높은 영아는 어머니의 시도에 대해 긍정적으로 반응해주는 횟수가 많았다. 셋째, 어머니의 반응성과 영아의 반응성은 밀접하게 관련되어 있고 어머니와 영아는 서로간의 생각이나 목표를 조율하면서 양방향적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 어머니와 영아는 서로의 생각과 정서를 함께 공유하면서 서로의 반응성을 촉진시켜주면 긍정적인 상호작용과 협력적인 관계를 이끌고 영아의 발달에 기여할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
This study has observed and analyzed mothers’ and toddlers’ responsiveness in various situations in order to look into their responsiveness and the relationship between them in responsiveness with respect to their interactions. To achieve that goal, this study has set up the following research questions. 1. How is mothers’ responsiveness in mother-toddler interactions? 2. How is toddlers’ responsiveness in mother-toddler interactions? 3. How is the relationship between mothers’ and toddlers’ responsiveness in mother-toddler interactions? The subjects of this study were 72 individuals from middle class families living in Seoul, of which 36 were toddlers (2 years old) and the other 36 their mothers. The responsiveness in the interactions occurring in task performances were analyzed in integrative and specific methods on the basis of Gates’ (2007) and Kochanska’s (2002) categories. The results have shown generally similar responsiveness from mothers in each task performance, and it have turned out from the results that participatoriness was high in each subcategory while authoritative control and cooperativeness were low. In particular, those mothers with high responsiveness more frequently showed positive responses to their toddlers’ attempts. The toddlers also similarly maintained comparatively high levels of responsiveness in each task performance, and showed high participatoriness with each subcategory while showing somewhat low cooperativeness. Especially, those toddlers with high responsiveness more frequently showed positive responses to their mothers’ attempts. Third, the mothers’ and the toddlers’responsiveness was shown to be closely related, and they bi-directionally had influence while regulating each others’ thoughts and goals. That is to say, we can tell that mothers and toddlers can be led to positive interactions and cooperative relations, and contribute to the latter’s development when they share each other’s ideas and feelings, and their responsiveness is encouraged.
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