만 4, 5세 유아의 자기조절력, 도덕적 정서가 도덕적 행동에 미치는 영향
The effects of self-regulation and moral emotion on moral behavior in children aged 4 and 5 years
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초록
본 연구는 도덕적 행동의 실행과 동기를 촉진하는 핵심변인으로 볼 수 있는 자기조절력과 도덕적 정서의 실제적 영향력을 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 아울러 연령에 따른 자기조절력, 도덕적 정서, 도덕적행동의 차이도 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 수도권 소재 유치원의 만 4, 5세 유아 101명이었다. 자기조절력의 하위요인인 정서적 자기조절력, 행동적 자기조절력, 그리고 도덕적 정서의 하위요인인 감정이입, 죄책감 및 수치심은 개별면접 방식의 검사도구를 사용하여 연구자가 직접 측정하였고, 도덕적 행동은 질문지에 대한 담임교사 평가를 통해 측정하였다. 결과적으로, 도덕적 행동과 예측변인들의 점수는 모두 만점의 75% 이상으로 높은 편이었으며, 도덕적 행동, 감정이입, 행동적 자기조절력은연령에 따른 차이가 있었다. 연령, 자기조절력, 도덕적 정서를 단계적으로 투입한 회귀모형은 도덕적행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 독립변인별 영향을 살펴보면, 정서적, 행동적 자기조절력이 도덕적 행동을 설명하는 주요 변인으로 밝혀졌다. 자신의 목표와 사회적 규범에 따라 정서와 행동을 조절하는 능력은 자발적인 도덕적 행동으로 이어질 수 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
Self-regulation and moral emotion are considered predictors that promote the execution and motivation of moral behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of young children’s self-regulation and moral emotion on their moral behavior. In addition, we investigated differences in self-regulation, moral emotion, and moral behavior according to age. The study involved 101 children aged 4 and 5 attending a kindergarten. Self-regulation encompassing emotional self-regulation and behavioral self-regulation, and moral emotion including empathy, guilt, and shame were assessed by using individual interview, and moral behavior was evaluated through teacher ratings on a questionnaire. As a result, the scores of both moral behavior and its predictors were high, more than 75% of a perfect score. Significant age differences were observed in moral behavior, empathy, and behavioral self-regulation. The regression model, which included age, self-regulation, and moral emotion as variables, demonstrated a significant effect on moral behavior. Looking at the effect of each independent variable, emotional self-regulation and behavioral self-regulation have been found to be the major variables that explain moral behavior. This suggests that the ability to regulate emotions and behaviors according to one's goals and social norms explains voluntary moral behavior.
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