집단 갈등 문제에 대비한 집단 간 간접 접촉 방법의 통합적 적용
The Integrated Application of Various Intergroup Contacts for Improving of Intergroup Conflicts
0
조회
0
다운로드
8
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 집단 갈등 문제를 해소하기 위한 방안으로서 집단 간 접촉 방법들을 통합적으로 적용할 수 있는 지를 검토하고 그 방법을 모색하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 다문화, 다원화 시대에 인종 및 문화적 차이, 다양한 가치간과 이해관계의 대립으로 인해 집단 갈등이 발생할 수 있다. 시민교육에서는 이러한 집단 갈등을 예방하고 줄이기 위해 관심을 갖고 노력하고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 집단 간 접촉 이론은 집단 간 편견을 줄이고 집단 관계를 개선시키는 데 효과적인 방안으로 활용될 수 있다. 그런데 다양한 형태의 접촉 방법들은 분절적으로 연구되고 적용되어 왔을 뿐, 상호 보완 가능성에 대해서는 주목하지 않았다. 이에 직접 및 간접 형태의 집단 간 접촉이 갖는 공통점과 차이를 확인하고, 통합적으로 활용 가능한지 살펴보았다. 먼저 접촉 효과를 극대화시키기 위해서는 접촉 상황을 좀 더 긍정적인 상호작용이 발생하는 상황으로 구성하고 구체적이며 맥락적으로 정교화시켜 제시할 필요가 있다. 이 과정에서 상상 접촉 및 대리 접촉과 의사사회 접촉을 상황에 맞게 조합하여 활용함으로써 각 접촉 방법이 갖고 있는 장단점을 상호 보완시켜 집단 관계 개선 효과를 높일 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
This article present the possibility for a integrated application of various forms in intergroup contact to improve the intergroup conflicts. Intergroup contact theory has provided a variety of effective ways in which intergroup contacts can reduce prejudice and improve intergroup relations. But, as the various forms of intergroup contact has been studied and applied in the field,their interconnection has been the main focus of attention. This article accounts for the similarity and difference in the dynamcs of various(direct and indirect)intergroup contacts. We also investigate the possibility of integrated application in indirect contacts. For the maximally effective strategies in the application of indirect contact, the scenario need to be elaborate specifically and contextually. That imagined contact is integrated with vicarious contact and parasocial contact provides effective strategies for improving intergroup relations and conflicts.
참고문헌 (44)
- 곽한영, "사회과 갈등해결교육 모형으로서의또래 조정 모형에 대한 고찰", 시민교육연구, 39(2), pp.1~21 (2007), 한국사회과교육학회
- 교육과학기술부, "중학교 교육과정 해설-총론" (2009), 교육과학기술부
- 교육과학기술부, "사회과교육과정" (2011), 교육과학기술부
- 설규주, "탈국가적 시민성의 대두와 시민교육의 새로운 방향- 세계시민성과지역시민성의 조화로운 함양을 위한 후천적 보편주의 시민교육-", 시민교육연구, 32, pp.151~178 (2001)
- 이선영, "다문화 교육에 대한 지식사회학적 논의", 석사, pp.2008
- 전희옥, "사회과 교육에서의 갈등문제 교육", 사회과교육연구, 9, pp.75~100 (2002)
- 주은옥, "논쟁 수업을 위한 '찬반 협상 모형'의 개발과 효과 연구", 박사, pp.2001
- 추병완, "아동의 편견 해소를 위한 교수 전략 개발 - 간접 접촉 이론을 기반으로 -", 초등도덕교육, (36), pp.143~169 (2011), 한국초등도덕교육학회
- Alexander, M. G., "Theoretical, empirical, and practical approaches to intergroup conflict", Journal of Social Issues, 54(4), pp.629~639 (1998)
- Allport, G. W., "편견의 심리" (1993), 성원사
- Anderson, C. A., "Imagination and expectation: The effect of imagining behavioural scripts on personal intentions", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, pp.293~305 (1983)
- Aron, A., "Close relationships as including the other in the self", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, pp.241~253 (1991)
- Bandura, A., "Social foundations of thought and action : A social cognitive theory" (1986), Prentice-Hall
- Banks, J. A, "Diversity, group identity, and citizenship education in a global age", Educational Researcher, 37(3), pp.129~139 (2008)
- Brown, R., "An integrative theory of intergroup contact", Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 37, pp.255~343 (2005)
- Cohen, E. G., "Producing equal-status interaction in the heterogeneous classroom", American Educational Research Journal, 32(1), pp.99~120 (1995)
- Crisp, R. J., "Can imagined interactions produce positive perceptions?: Reducing prejudice through simulated social contact", American Psychologist, 64(4), pp.231~240 (2009)
- Crisp, R. J., "From imagery to intention: A dual route model of imagined contact effects", European Review of Social Psychology, 21(1), pp.188~236 (2010)
- Crisp, R. J., "Imagined intergroup contact: Theory, paradigm and practice", Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3(1), pp.1~18 (2009)
- Crisp, R. J., "Attributional processes underlying imagined contact effects", Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 14(2), pp.275~287 (2011)
- Dovidio, J. F., "Improving intergroup relations through direct, extended and other forms of indirect contact", Group Processes Intergroup Relations March, 14(2), pp.147~160 (2011)
- Eisenberg, N., "Empathy-related responding: Associations with prosocial Behavior, aggression, and intergroup relations", Social Issues and Policy Review, 4, pp.143~180 (2010)
- Gómez, Á., "Vicarious intergroup contact and the role of authorities in prejudice reduction", The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 11(1), pp.103~114 (2008)
- Harwood, J., "The Contact Space: A Novel Framework for Intergroup Contact Research", Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(2), pp.147~177 (2010)
- Hochschild, J., "‘Yes, but...’: Principles and Caveats in American Racial Attitudes, In Nomos XXXII: Majorities and Minorities", pp.308~335 (1990), New York University Press
- Husnu, S., "Elaboration enhances the imagined contact effect", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(6), pp.943~950 (2010)
- Husnu, S., "Enhancing the imagined contact effect", The Journal of Social Psychology, 151(1), pp.113~116 (2011)
- Marks, D. F., "Individual differences in the vividness of visual imagery and their effect on function, In The function and nature of imagery", pp.83~108 (1972), Academic Press
- Marks, D. F., "Consciousness, mental imagery and action", British Journal of Psychology, 90, pp.567~585 (1999)
- Paolini, S., "Effects of direct and indirect cross-group friendships on judgments of catholics and protestants in Northern Ireland: The mediating role of an anxiety-reduction mechanism", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(6), pp.770~786 (2004)
- Pettigrew, T. F, "Generalized intergroup contact effects on prejudice", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(2), pp.173~185 (1997)
- Pettigrew, T. F., "Intergroup contact theory", Annual review of psychology, 49, pp.65~85 (1998)
- Rothbart, M., "Social categorization and behavioral episodes: A cognitive analysis of the effects of intergroup contact", Journal of Social lssues, 41(3), pp.81~104 (1985)
- Schiappa, E., "The parasocial contact hypothesis", Communication Monographs, 72, pp.92~115 (2005)
- Slavin, R. E, "Cooperative learning: Applying contact theory in desegregated schools", Journal of Social Issues, 41(3), pp.45~62 (1985)
- Slavin, R. E., "Improving intergroup relations: Lessons learned from cooperative learning programs", Journal of Social Issues, 55(4), pp.647~663 (1999)
- Stathi, S., "Imagining intergroup contact promotes projection to outgroups", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(4), pp.943~957 (2008)
- Stephan, W. G., "The role of ignorance in intergroup relations, In Groups in contact: The psychology of desegregation", pp.229~255 (1984), Academic Press
- Tajfel, H., "An integrative theory of intergroup conflict, In The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations", pp.33~48 (1979), Nelson-Hall
- Turner, R. N., "Imagining intergroup contact can improve intergroup attitudes", British Journal of Social Psychology, 26(4), pp.325~340 (2007)
- Turner, R. N., "Reducing explicit and implicit prejudice via direct and extended contact: The mediating role of self-disclosure and intergroup anxiety", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, pp.369~388 (2007)
- Turner, J. C., "Self and collective: Cognition and social context", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), pp.454~463 (1994)
- Voci, A., "Intergroup contact and prejudice toward immigrants in Italy: The mediational role of anxiety and the moderational role of group salience", Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 6(1), pp.37~54 (2003)
- Wright, S. C., "The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(1), pp.73~90 (1997)