학교폭력 피해경험이 우울에 미치는 영향에서 가족요인의 조절효과
Impact of school violence on depression moderating effect of family factors
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본 연구에서는 청소년을 대상으로 학교폭력의 피해경험이 우울에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 보호요인으로서 가족요인들의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 조사대상자 582명 중 34.9%가 지난 1년간 학교폭력을 경험하였고, 남학생의 피해율이 49%로 여학생18.5%보다 높았다. 폭력유형은 성별에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였는데 남학생은 신체적 폭행, 물건갈취, 괴롭힘과 같은 공공연한 폭력을, 여학생은 집단따돌림과 같은 관계적인 폭력을 더 많이 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 학교폭력 피해경험이 우울에 미치는 영향에서 폭력 피해경험의 정도가 높을수록 우울이 높았고, 학업성적과 가정경제수준도 우울에 영향을 미치는 변수로 나타났다. 학교폭력을 경험한 청소년의 우울에 대한 보호요인으로 가족일치감, 가족자원, 가족의사소통의 요인들을 살펴본 결과 세 요인 모두 학교폭력 피해경험과의 상호작용을 통한 조절효과는 보이지 않았다. 하지만 위의 가족요인들은 청소년의 우울과 강한 부적관계로 유의성을 나타내 학교폭력을 경험한 청소년의 우울에 대한 보호요인으로서 영향력이 있는 변수임이 확인되었다. 이를 바탕으로 학교폭력에 노출된 청소년들의 건강한 발달을 위해서 개입의 함의를 논의하였다.
Abstract
This research examined influences of victimization from school violence on adolescent depression, and explored whether family factors have moderating effects or not. Out of total 582 boys and girls in the research group, 34.9% experienced violence in the previous year where the boys (49%) were subject to more school violence than the girls (18.5%). The pattern of victimization showed significantly more occurrences of overt aggressions such as physical aggression in the boys, whereas relational aggressions such as bullying occur more often in girls. The victimization from school violence was proven to be significantly influential to adolescent depression, which was also proven to be influenced by academic grades and family income level. To moderate the harmful influences of the school violence on the adolescent depression, family coherence, family resources and family communication were observed as protective factors. The findings of this study did not support that the family factors in the victimization of adolescents to violence have moderating effect on the adolescent depression, but strong negative relationship was still found between the family factors and the adolescent depression. Based on these findings, the research discussion extended to the implication of an intervention that promotes healthy development of the adolescents who are exposed to school violence.
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