아우구스투스의 프린키파투스 체제에서 후계자 문제

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate how Augustan Principate could be succeeded to Tiberius in Julio-Claudian dynasty. Gaius Octavius, Augustus' original name, was born in 63 B.C. from the humble and obscure family. His father, Gaius Octavius became a first Roman senator in his family, so he was a new man (novus homo). But his family had two advantages at that time. Firstly it was a wealthy family of the equestrian order at Velitrae, near about 40 kilometers south-east of Rome. Secondly, more important thing is his family's connection with the Julii. His mother Atia was the daughter of Julia, the sister of Julius Caesar. So Gaius Julius Caesar was the great uncle of young Ocatvius. That bond was a starting point. For when Gaius Caesar was assassinated at Rome in 44 B.C. he had no legitimate children. So young Octavius as his great-nephew, only 19 year old, was designated as a adopted son and main heir in his will. But Octavius' future course seemed not to be a royal road. The problem was that he was too young and was from undistinguished family. So during the civil wars Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus(as adopted son of Caesar) married noble women for political reason three times and tried to make up for weak family background. And when he became a sole ruler after Actium, he concentrated powers on him and tried to transfer his principate to his heir. He wanted to solve the problem of succession by a marriage for political reasons and adoption. This time his unique daughter Julia was useful. So she had to marry Marcellus, Agrippa, and Tiberius three times in succession and finally Tiberius as a stepson, a son in law, and a adapted son succeeded to Augustan principate. In this way Augustan principate turned out to be monarchy, although he asserted that his government was a Restored Republic.