케렛 서사시 전통에서 본 출애굽기
Epic tradition of Exodus in the Light of the Ugaritic Epic of Keret
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이 글은 우가릿의 케렛 서사시와 구약성서의 출애굽기를 비교분석한 후 출애굽기에 반영된 고대 이집트뿐만 아니라 고대 가나안의 서사적 전통을 드러낸다. 이어서 두 전통 사이에 나타난 유사성과 차이점을 설명하고 그 원인들을 해석해낸다. 그 결과 이 논문은 출애굽기에는 이집트뿐만 아니라 가나안의 서사적 전통이 반영되어 있음을 보여준다. 그 외에 저자는 출애굽기는 제사장 국가와 민족으로서 이스라엘 백성이 세상 속에서 감당해야 할 역할을 일깨우고자 포로기 혹은 페르시아 시대에 제사장 그룹의 편집자에 의해 최종 본문이 형성되었다고 주장한다.
Abstract
The book of Exodus describes the origin of the people of Israel as a nation through liberating Hebrew slaves in Egypt by YHWH. It has been held that its epic tradition originated from Egyptian literary conventions. Its Canaanite epic tradition has little been investigated by scholars. This study purposes to compare the Ugaritic epic tradition of Keret with the epic tradition of the book of Exodus in the Old Testament while focusing mainly on literary genre, structure, and epic traditions. With regard to genre, these two literary works have common epic traits and both deal with royal and national crises which they overcome by heroic leadership and divine help. In structure, both epics consist of three crises they overcome. The three crises in the Keret epic appear as follows: loss of descendants, sickness because of unfulfilled vow, and Yaṣṣubu’s revolt. In Exodus, three crises proceed as follows: the loss of the people of Israel , difficulties (sickness) in the wilderness (Exod. 15:22-19:1), and Israel’s revolt against YHWH (Exod. 32). In the Keret, El favors Keret and helps Keret’s crises to be resolved. In Exodus YHWH favors Israel and helps Israelites’ crises to be resolved. The author presents nine traits shared by both epic traditions. By comparison of these two literary epic traditions, it is shown clearly that the book of Exodus has a lot of affinities with Canaanite epic tradition, thus it is more probable that the book of Exodus was written later with wide adoption of Canaanite epic tradition. In addition, it is suggested that the epic of Keret has more concern with personal life and death, whereas the book of Exodus has more focus on national history and people. Thus It is concluded that the book of Exodus was redacted according to the Canaanite epic traditions by priestly writers to educate people that the people of Israel had a special mission to live as the chosen priestly nation and people to fulfill the theological ideals given by Yahweh.
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