시편과 메소포타미아 시가문학의 비교 연구
The Psalm and the Psalmody of Mesopotamia
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본 연구는 고대 메소포타미아의 시가문학과 시편을 비교하여 시의 유형이나 구조, 내용과 신학적, 사상적인 면에서 유사점과 차이점을 좀 더 심도 있게 밝히는데 있다. 연구결과 메소포타미아의 시가문학과 시편의 유사점은 자연적으로 발견되어 질 수 있는 것이다. 각 문화권의 차이에 의하여 발생하는 차이점은 신학이나 신관의 차이에서 생기는 것이다. 따라서 이스라엘의 시가문학은 가나안 시가문학, 특히 우가릿 시가문학의 영향 아래 발전하였음을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
______________________________________________________________________________ The Psalm and the Psalmody of Mesopotamia ______________________________________________________________________________ Young-Jin Kim, Ph. D. Professor, Department of Theology Yonsei University In order to answer the question whether the various types of the Psalms were peculiar to Israel or they were among the literary forms influenced/imported from the Ancient Near East, the comparative study on the Psalms and the Mesopotamian poetic literature is necessary. Thus, by comparing the Psalms with the Mesopotamian poetic literature among the Ancient Near East, the present study explicates their similarities and differences in terms of type, structure, content, and theology/ideology on a deeper level. When the Psalms and the Mesopotamian poetic literature are compared, the similarities are found in terms of form, structure, and content. However, there are also differences between the two cultures in terms of their views of god. Nevertheless, that there are similarities among them does not prove that there was interchange or influence between the two poetic literatures. Even if the Psalms were influenced from the Mesopotamian poetic literature, it is difficult to find any further similarity besides their types and structures since their contents have been Israelized Therefore, each of the Psalms and the Mesopotamian poetic literature has its own characteristics. There are many declarative praises in the Psalms whereas the descriptive praises stand out in Mesopotamia. As for the lament, there is another difference that the Mesopotamian lament asserts the desire for the reconciliation with gods and the ignorance of the petitioner whereas the Psalms accentuate the petitioner's supplication for explanation and vindication of innocence. One of the peculiarities of the Mesopotamian lament is that the magical chant and the reconciliatory ritual were interrelated in the Mesopotamian lament. Rather the similarity between the Mesopotamian poetic literature and the Psalms can be understood as natural. There have been always praises, laments, and prayers in whatever form in the human societies, and the contents of the praises, laments, and the prayers are basically similar. The difference among the cultures was caused by the difference of theologies and views of god. According to the general scholarly opinion, the poetic literature of Israel developed primarily under the influence of the poetic literature of Canaan, especially Ugarit.
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