철학하는 의사 갈레노스의 영혼돌봄(psychagogy)에 관하여: <영혼의 감정 진단과 치료에 관하여 (De propriorum animi cuiuslibet affectuum dignotione et curatione)>에 나타난 분노의 토포스(τόπος)를 중심으로
On the psychagogy of the Philosopher-physician Galen: Based on the Topos of Anger in On the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Soul's Emotions (De propriorum animi cuiuslibet affectuum dignotione et curatione)
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고대 그리스-로마 도덕 철학은 일종의 영혼돌봄이고, 철학적 담론은 이 영혼돌봄의 주요 매개이다. 영혼의 인도자는 철학적 학설을 학생의 영혼에 전달함으로써 영혼돌봄을 수행하였다. 철학적 학설들은 대화와 변증을 통해서 전달되었는데, 이것은 철학적 영혼돌봄의 성패가 영혼 인도자의 설득 능력에 달려 있다는 것을 의미한다. 공동체의 문화적 관습의 운반 장치로서 토포스는 학생을 설득하는 데 효과적인 방식이다. <영혼의 감정 진단과 치료에 관하여>에서 갈레노스는 분노의 정의, 분노를 치료해야 하는 이유, 분노를 치료하는 방법의 세 부분으로 구성된 분노의 토포스를 사용한다. 플라톤의 영혼 삼분설과 영혼 일원론에 근거하여 고안된 스토아-에피쿠로스철학의 분노 치료법을 결합한다는 점에서 갈레노스의 토포스 사용은 독특하다. 본 논문은 분노의 토포스를 설명하고 갈레노스가 그것을 사용하는 방식을 분석하여 영혼돌봄의 영역에서 분노 토포스의 기능을 밝히고, 갈레노스가 스토아-에피쿠로스주의의 분노 치료법을 플라톤의 영혼 모델을 실천적으로 적용한 결과로 소개하는 이유를 설명하고자 시도한다.
Abstract
Ancient Greco-Roman moral philosophy was a psychagogy, and philosophical discourse was the main medium of soul-care. This soul-care was conducted by a psychagogue through the transmitting of philosophical doctrines to the soul of a pupil. The philosophical doctrines were conveyed through dialogue and dialectic, and this means that the success or failure of philosophical psychagogy depends on the psychagogue's ability to persuade the pupil. As a conveyor of the cultural conventions of a community, a topos is an effective method to persuade a pupil. In On the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Soul's Emotions, Galen adopts the topos of anger and discusses it in three parts, namely the definition of anger, the reason for treating anger, and the way of treating anger. Galen's way of manipulating the topos of anger is unique in the sense that he combines the Platonic tripartite psychological model and the Stoic-Epicurean remedy for anger based on the monistic psychological model. This article describes the topos of anger, analyzes Galen's way of using it, attempts to clarify the functions of the topos of anger in the domain of psychagogy, and explores the reason Galen presents the Stoic-Epicurean treatments of anger as the practical result of the Platonic psychological model.
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- 갈레노스, "영혼의 감정 진단과 치료에 관하여", ~
- 세네카, "분노에 관하여", ~
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