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기업 위기관리(Crisis Management) 전략에 관한 연구 -해외 Pandemic Planning 사례를 중심으로-

A Study On the Crisis Management Strategy For Corporations: Focusing upon and Learned From Pandemic Planning Cases

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한국기업경영학회 (Korean Corporation Management Association)|2010.12|기업경영연구 (Korean Corporation Management Review)|제17권 제4호|pp. 149-169

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참고문헌

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위기관리프로세스FrameworkCrisis ManagementStrategic ModelPandemic Planning위기관리팀(CMT)전략 모델Framework and ProcessCrisis Management Team
주제분류경영학

초록

이 연구는 국내외로 급변하는 현대 기업환경에 있어서 위기관리의 중요성을 인식하고 새로운 동향의 위기관리 전략에 대해 미국·영국 등 선진외국과 글로벌 기업들의 Pandemic Planning 사례를 중심으로 고찰하여 기업들이 위기상황에 보다 효과적으로 대처할 수 있도록 국내 실정에 맞는 위기관리 체계(Framework)와 전략 모델을 도출하려는 시도이다. 기업이 현존하는 또는 잠재적인 모든 위기상황을 상정해서 예방한다는 것은 현실적으로 불가능하지만 미리 체계적으로 잘 고안·준비된 위기관리 및 대응계획을 마련해두고서 평소 위기관리팀 등을 통해 위기대응의 프로세스와 역할을 이해하고 체득해둔다면 실제 위기가 닥쳤을 때 기업에 미칠 영향과 피해를 최소화하거나 이상적인 방향으로 비즈니스 연속성을 유지해 나갈 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해 기업 내 인적 자원·자산 및 인프라(Infrastructure)를 최대한 효과적으로 활용할 수 있고 검증 가능한 위기관리 전략의 수립 과정에서 고려해야 할 핵심요소를 11가지로 정리하였다. 또한 위기관리 및 위기대응 역량 제고를 위한 프로세스의 수립을 돕기 위하여 Pre-crisis Stage, Preparation Stage, Crisis Stage, Post-crisis Stage의 4단계 위기관리․대응 체계를 상정하였다. 이를 토대로 바람직한 위기관리 전략 구상을 위해 유의해야 할 사항들을 선행연구 및 다양한 이론의 검토를 통해 살펴본 후 국내 기업의 실정에 맞는 위기관리 프로세스 구현을 위한 전략 모델의 요건을 제시하고자 하였다

Abstract

This study aims to review the central contributions to the emergency response and crisis management literature and details the major phases within which crises occur. This paper seeks to develop a schematic model for crises and concludes that senior management needs to acknowledge both the very significance of establishing a strategic crisis management process and the limitations of its contingency planning in order to allow for more effective decision-making. This research also advocates that adequate communication plays a significant role between the organization and its stakeholder. The strategic planning model in this research suggests that there are four phases within a crisis and during its response: the pre-crisis phase in which the potential for a crisis is created, the preparation phase, the crisis phase, and the post-crisis phase. The resultant model provides a framework for the subsequent analysis of crisis events and the crisis management process. The primary purpose of this study is to suggest an effective model in crisis management for corporations. In this study, the researcher used literature reviews and empirical methods. The literature reviews herein cover theoretical discussions on crisis management and disaster recovery. In addition, the researcher conducted extensive case studies of pandemic planning in MNCs, and examined distinct differences between traditional approaches and contemporary theories on crisis management. The goals of and findings during this research are as follows: Above of all, this study found and analyzed the emerging trends in the crisis management perspectives. Secondly, the researcher examined the impact and cost of a crisis to the corporate environment, particularly focusing upon pandemic cases and subsequent planning practices. Lastly, a four-phase(stage) framework was selected and used to propose a comprehensive crisis management process model. The limitation of this study can be lack of statistical data and/or attempts to examine previously un-researched area in the field of crisis management. Thus, to supplement this study, more objective theoretical models and frameworks are needed to examine the relationship between crisis management and core values in enterprises, such as sustainable development.

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