기업의 광고비와 재무성과 사이의 인과 관계에 대한 연구 - 3 wave 패널 자료를 활용한 교차지연패널분석-
Causality between Advertising and Financial Performance
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광고비와 재무성과 사이의 인과 관계에 대한 논의는 마케팅 연구에서 매우 중요한 주제이다. 이를 다룬 선행 연구들은 단순히 상관관계를 보여주었거나, 충분히 정교하지 않은 연구 설계 및 자료를 활용하였다. 그래서 이 관계에 대한 명쾌한 해답은 아직까지 내려지지 않은 것으로 보인다. 이 문제에 대한 이론적, 실증적 기여를 위해 본 연구는 구조 방정식 모델링 기법을 적용한 교차지연패널 분석을 통해 광고비와 재무성과 간의 인과 관계를 분석하였다. 이 기법을 통해 두 변수 사이에 양방향의 인과 관계를 동시에 고려함으로써, 어느 한 쪽이 더 우세한 인과 관계를 가지는지 혹은 상호 인과 관계가 성립하는지를 비교할 수 있다. 세 시점에서 걸쳐서 152개 기업에서 수집한 종단 연구 자료를 이용하여 광고비와 재무성과 사이의 인과 관계를 분석한 결과, 광고비에서 재무성과에 이르는 경로를 포함하는 보통 인과 모형이 다른 대안 모형들에 비해 가장 우수하였으며, 또한 그 경로만이 통계적으로 유의한 반면 반대 경로는 그렇지 않음이 드러났다. 본 연구결과는 기업의 의사결정자들에게 광고비가 단순히 비용에 불과한 것이 아니라 미래 재무성과를 높이기 위한 투자라는 시사점을 제공한다. 특히, 이 결과는 기업의 재무상태가 어려울 때, 단순히 광고비를 줄이는 방식으로 대응하는 것이 아니라, 오히려 적절한 광고비 지출 전략을 수립하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
Although the discussion over the causal relationship between advertising expenditure and financial performance is a very important but perennial issue in marketing, previous research was limited to merely showing correlations or attempting to show causal relationships but showing inconsistent results. The present research adds to the extant body of research by analyzing and demonstrating the causal relationship between advertising expenditure and financial performance using structural equation model (SEM) through a cross-lagged panel analysis. This method has the advantage of testing whether the causal relationship is uni- or bi-directional. The analysis of the causal relationships between the two variables using the three biennial data of 152 firms revealed that the path from advertising expenditure to financial performance was statistically significant while the opposite path was not. Therefore, the results suggest that advertising expenditure is not a simple expense but an investment to improve future financial performance. We expect this result to be meaningful particularly in establishing an appropriate strategy for advertising expenditure when the financial condition of the company is bad.
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