주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동과 정상 아동의 지능, 기억 및 전두엽 관리 기능에 대한 비교 연구
A Comparison Study of Intelligence, Memory and Frontal-Executive Function in Children with ADHD and Normal Children
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초록
ADHD 아동과 정상 아동은 지능에서 두드러진 차이를 보이지 않음에도 불구하고, ADHD 아동은 기억력과 전두엽-관리 기능이 매우 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 ADHD 아동은 기억의 세 단계(등록-유지-인출) 중 작업기억이 요구되는 기억 유지 과정에서 정상 아동에 비해 유의하게 저조한 수행을 보였고, 이와 일관되게 전두엽-관리 기능, 특히 간섭 억제 및 단어 유창성이 매우 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 실제로 ADHD 아동의 학습 능력을 높이기 위해서는 전두엽-관리 기능 특히 억제와 관련된 능력을 훈련하는 것이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
Objectives：We aimed to prove that disinhibition in children with ADHD affects other cognitive function and learning achievement by comparing the intelligence, memory and frontal-executive function between children with ADHD and normal children. Methods：Twenty children with ADHD and nineteen normal children were sampled, their age range was 7 to 14. They were assessed using Conners scale, K-WISC-III, Rey-Kim Memory test for children, Kims Frontal-Executive Function Neuropsychological Test. Results：There were no significant differences between children with ADHD and normal children in scores of total intelligence, VIQ, PIQ, VCI, POI and FDI in K-WISC-III. However, children with ADHD showed lower memory function, especially delayed recall, visual immediate recall, visual delayed recall and memory retention compared to those of normal children. It might be assumed that lower memory function in children with ADHD is affected by retention among memory process(registration-retention-retrieval). And children with ADHD showed poor EIQ, interference index, word fluency/information DI, and FIQ/EIQ DI compared to normal children. Conclusion：Children with ADHD show poor memory function, especially retention and frontal-executive function, especially interference inhibition and word fluency compared to normal children, although there are no significant differences on measures of intelligence in children with ADHD and normal children. These results suggest that it need to train for children with ADHD to use frontal-executive function, especially behavioral inhibition to enhance the ability and skill of learning.
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