정상아동과 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애아동의 기억결함과 실행기능의 차이
The Differences of Memory Defect and Executive Functionin Normal Children and ADHD Children
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초록
본 연구는 정상 아동과 ADHD 아동의 기억결함현상을 비교하고, ADHD 아동에게서 나타나는 기억결함이 실행기능 손상과 어떤 관련성이 있는지를 알아보았다. 지능과 다른 공존질환을 통제한 만 7～12세의 정상 아동 30명과 ADHD로 진단받은 아동 68명을 대상으로 숫자 폭 검사, 시공간 폭 검사, 청각적 학습능력 검사, 시각 재인검사를 사용하여 기억능력을 측정하였고, 카드분류검사와 선추적 검사를 실시하여 실행기능을 측정하였다. 그 결과 ADHD 아동은 주의 유지를 측정하는 숫자 폭 검사의 수행이 정상 아동보다 저조하였고, 지속적인 주의와 기억전략이 요구되는 청각적 언어 학습검사와 시각적 재인검사에서도 정상아동보다 수행이 저조하였다. ADHD 아동의 이러한 기억결함은 실행기능을 측정하는 선추적 검사에서 소요시간이 많이 걸릴수록, 그리고 카드분류검사의 보속 오류 수가 많을수록 전반적으로 기억 능력이 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 ADHD아동이 주의분산이 개입되는 단기기억과 회상기억에 결함이 있고, 이러한 기억결함은 실행기능장해와 관련되고 있음을 시사한다. 이에 대한 논의와 제한점, 추후 연구방향에 대하여 논의하였다. 주요어 : 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애, 기억장애, 실행기능
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the common symptom of memory defect and the relationship of executive function and memory deficit in ADHD children. Thirty normal children and sixty eight ADHD subjects were selected based on the diagnostic criteria from the DSM-IV, and the intelligence and comorbidity were controlled by the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children and Korean Personality Inventory for Children. Executive function test (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Trail Making Test) and memory test(Digit Span Test, Visual Span Test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Visual Recognition Test) were administrated to all subjects, and then the performance of all test of each group were compared by using t-test. and the relationship of executive function and memory deficit were investigated by stepwise multiple regression analysis. The findings of this study were: 1) ADHD children were impaired on forward span test of the auditory digit span and visual span test, but were not impaired on backward test of both span test; 2) ADHD children were unimpaired on recognition test, but showed explicit impairment on recall and delayed recall tests related to memory organization in verbal learning test; 3) ADHD children were impaired on visual recognition test which they have to analyse and organize the materials based on the dot, circle, color of the stimulus; 4) the time of trail making test A and B, and the numbers of perseveration error in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test showed significant effects on the memory performance of ADHD. The results imply that ADHD children have memory impairment on various memory test, and the impairment of executive function can cause memory defect in ADHD Children. The limitations of this study and the suggestion for future study were discussed. Keywords : Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Memory Defect, Executive Function
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