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国IT産業の日本に対する質的貿易競争力の研究

A Study on the Qualitative Trade Competitiveness of China to Japan in Information Technology Industry

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本稿では中国の主な輸出入国の一つである日本を選定して2007-17年間を研究期間と設定し、中国IT産業の一般的な貿易競争力および質的な貿易競争力の変化を分析した。その結果をまとめると以下のようになる。 第一に、中国IT産業は2007-17年間日本との貿易において輸出の規模が大きいなのは半導体、無線通信機器であるが、半導体では大きな赤字を出し、無線通信機器だけが黒字を出してきた。そしてほかのものでもすべて大幅な赤字を出してきたが、赤字は縮小傾向にある。。 第二に、一般的な比較優位の分析であるが、日本との貿易においては依然として比較劣位に置かれてきた。特に放送機器と部品、すなわち平板ディスプレイ製造用装備、半導体、電子管、そして平板ディスプレイ及びセンサーにおける品目が比較劣位におかれ、そのほども悪化してきた。そして情報機器のコンピューターは競合的で、有線通信機器は依然として優位を保ち、無線通信機器は競合的な状態から比較優位に転じた。 最後に、質的な貿易競争力の分析であるが、まず、優・劣位品質の品目数でみた結果、日本との貿易においては依然として劣位品質のものを半分以上を輸出してきたとはいえ、かなりの優位品質のものと競争的な品質のものが日本に輸出されてきたことが明らかになった。次に、品質指数で分析した結果、IT産業の日本との貿易においてごく僅かしか品質の改善が行われて来なかった。だが、小分類でみると、コンピューター、通信機器、放送機器の器具部品、平板ディスプレイ製造用装備、電子管、平板ディスプレイ及びセンサーの品質は改善されてきた。但し放送機器の手動部品と半導体においては大きく品質の悪化が進行されてきたことが明らかとなった。

Abstract

This study analyze and compare the qualitative trade competitiveness of China with Japan relative to the Information Technology(IT) Industry from 2007 to 2017. The results and findings are as follows. First, China has continued to show a trade deficit with Japan except for information apparatus and communication apparatus in the Information and Communications Technologies Industry. Second, according to a general comparative advantage analysis, the IT industry has remained relatively inferior in trade with Japan. In particular, items in broadcasting apparatus and parts, namely equipment for the manufacture of flat panel displays, semiconductors, electron tubes, flat display and sensors, have been relatively inferior and have deteriorated. And the computers of the information devices were competitive, the cable communication apparatus has remained superior, and the wireless communication apparatus shifted from competitive to comparative advantage. Finally, analysis of qualitative trade competitiveness. First of all, according to the analysis by the import and export structures of superior and inferior quality, during the study period, China has mainly exported low-quality items to Japan, but it was found that exports of competitive and high-quality items have also increased in IT industry. Next, the analysis results by the product quality index show that the Chinese IT items exported to Japan have only slightly improved quality. However, analysis results by HS 6-digits classification show that the quality of computer of information apparatus, communication apparatus, electro mechanical components of broadcasting apparatus, equipment for the manufacture of flat pannel displays, electrontubes, flat display and sensors has been improved, and the quality has been significantly deteriorated in passive components of broadcasting apparatus and semiconductors.

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