韓国IT産業の対日質的貿易競争力の研究
A Study on the Qualitative Trade Competitiveness of Korea to Japan in Information Technology Industry
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本稿では韓国の主な輸出入国の一つである日本を選定して2007-17年間を研究期間と設定し、韓国IT産業の一般的な貿易競争力および質的な貿易競争力の変化を分析した。その結果をまとめると以下のようになる。 第一に、韓国IT産業は日本との貿易において貿易赤字が拡大してきているが、半導体と平板ディスプレイ製造用装備、放送機器の手動部品において特に赤字が大きい。 第二に、一般的な比較優位の分析であるが、まず、韓国IT産業は去る10年間世界市場において比較優位を保ってきた。平板ディスプレイ製造用装備、電子管、コンピューターを除き、ほかのすべての品目群において比較優位が維持されてきた。ところが、日本との貿易においては2013年から比較劣位に転じてしまった。放送機器の手動および器具部品、電子管、平板ディスプレイ及びセンサーにおいて比較劣位が続き、半導体、情報機器のコンピューターと有・無線通信機器において比較優位が維持されてきた。そして平板ディスプレイ製造用装備は2015年以降劣位から比較優位に転換した。 第三に、質的な貿易競争力の分析であるが、まず、品質による貿易構造の変化でみた結果、韓国IT産業は世界市場との貿易においては主として競合的および優位品質のものを輸出し、劣位品質のものを輸入するという貿易構造の高度化が行われた。しかし日本との貿易においては依然として劣位品質のものを輸出し、優位品質のものを輸入している。次に、品質指数で分析した結果、世界および日本との貿易においてIT産業の輸出は全体的に品質が大きく改善されてきたことが確認された。 最後に、IT産業は日本との貿易において輸出品目の品質が改善され、競争力も強化されててきたが、依然として貿易赤字が持続し比較劣位におかれている。特に半導体、平板ディスプレイ製造用装備、放送危機において赤字が大きいという問題が浮かび上がってきた。これらの問題を解決し、4次産業革命という新産業の核心的な基盤であるIT産業の競争力を改善し、付加価値の創出を拡大するためには、高付加価値品目の生産・輸出戦略に転換する必要がある。そのためには、IT品目の品質の向上のための積極的かつ持続的な政府レベルでの支援や研究開発等が求められる。
Abstract
This paper analyze and compare the qualitative trade competitiveness of Korea with Japan relative to the Information Technology Industry(IT) from 2007 to 2017. The results and findings are as follows. First, Korea has expanding its trade deficit in trade with Japan in IT industries, especially large in semiconductors, equipment for manufacturing flat-panel displays, and manual parts of broadcasting equipment. Second, In terms of a general comparative advantage, Korea’s IT industry has remained a comparative advantage in trade with the world. The comparative advantage has been maintained in all other product categories except equipment for manufacturing flat-panel displays, electron tubes, and computers. However, the IT industry has shifted to a comparative disadvantage in trade with Japan since 2013. The comparative disadvantage has continued in passive and instrument componrnts of broadcasting device, electron tubes, flat panel displays and sensors, and a comparative advantage has been maintained in semiconductors, computers, cable and wireless communication devices. In addition, equipment for manufacturing flat-panel displays has changed from inferiority to the comparative advantage since 2015. Finally, In terms of qualitative trade competitiveness. first of all, according to the analysis by the import and export structure of a high and low quality, Korea has advanced its trade structure by mainly exporting competitive and high quality items and importing low quality items in the IT industry with the world. But Korea has mainly exported low-quality items and imported high-quality items in trade with Japan. Next, as a result of analysis by the product quality index, it has confirmed that the overall quality of export items in the IT industry has greatly improved in trade with the world and Japan.
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