독백적 ‘첨삭’에서 대화적 ‘수정’으로 – 프라스카(G. Frasca) 게임이론의 글쓰기 교육 활용방안을 중심으로 –

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the new principles and methods of writing education. This new models are based on Gonzalo Frasca' game theory and experiments. Computer-games have been profitable media for interactivity and social dialogue. Accordingly, writing education based on computer games and online media can be used as a interactive and participatory means for a new writing learning. Recently, theories of writing education stress on process-based and collective learning, which takes effect from constructivists and social constructivist theorists. Constructivism is a psychological theory of knowledge which argues that humans generate knowledge and meaning from their experiences. Constructivism is not a specific pedagogy, although it is often confused with constructionism, an educational theory developed by Seymour Papert. Piaget's theory of constructivist learning has had wide ranging impact on learning theories and teaching methods in education and is an underlying theme of many education reform movements. Research support for constructivist teaching techniques has been mixed, with some research supporting these techniques and other research contradicting those results. Furthermore, social constructivist scholars view learning as an active process where learners should learn to discover principles, concepts and facts for themselves, hence the importance of encouraging guesswork and intuitive thinking in learners. In fact, for the social constructivist, reality is not something that we can discover because it does not pre-exist prior to our social invention of it. Social constructivism argues that reality is constructed by our own activities and that people, together as members of a society, invent the properties of the world. Gonzalo Frasca accepts (social) constructivist learning theories and appropriates them for his computer game experiments. His purpose is a raising of social and critical awareness of learners through collective and cooperative conversation of learners on online. Through his process-based and dialogical method one can discuss and find together individual or social problems. Of course, there cannot be a unique solution, because the important thing is getting a good conversation. His project can be a alternative an alternative to many problems in present writing education.