入聲의 歸屬 및 消失 過程에 대한 見解 分析

Abstract

This paper focuses on analyzing various opinions from existing research outcomes and literature materials regarding the appertaining issue for the syllables designated as Entering-tone or Entering-endings vowel and the loss process of Entering-endings which characterize Entering-tone. Perception gap exposed during the discussion process has been recognized regarding the appertaining issue for Entering-tone, which is still not drawing any united opinion in the current academic circles. And it was verified that, through the analysis of literature materials on Entering-endings’ loss process, the weakening phenomenon and loss process of Entering-endings had been already progressing in a variety of aspects in the extensive regions during the Tang dynasty, the era of Middle Chinese. In terms of appertaining issue, analysis on pros and cons has been done centering on the opinion that “Entering-tone is not a type of Tone”, regarding whether the Entering-tone, which is classified as three kinds of Coda including [-p], [-t] and [-k], should be recognized as the Tonal type according to traditional viewpoint, or should be appertained to the category of Vowels according to the difference in Coda. After Cen Qixiang(1943) presented the opinion that “Entering-tone is not a type of Tone”, the recognition created a sensation, regarding Entering-tone as a problem of Vowels’ Coda rather than as a category of Tone through a variety of follow-up studies including those of Huang Borong(1960), Zong Fubang(1984), Yang Xinchuan(1997), Joo Soungil(2002), Xia Zhongyi(2007), etc. On the contrary, Lu Wenwen and Liang Fengju(2006), Song Yong(2011), etc. opposed to the opinion that “Entering-tone is not a type of Tone”, on the basis of Four-Tone classification scheme of PingㆍShangㆍQuㆍRu, which has been maintained as a firm tradition for the last dozen centuries since the recognition on Tone had been established around 6th century, as well as the syllable classification scheme of modern dialects. This kind of pros and cons, “Entering-tone is not a type of Tone” versus “Entering-tone is a type of Tone”, are judged to be not just the problem limited to the Entering-tone’s appertaining method itself but the problem resulting from the fundamental gap in perception on Tone. Regarding whether Pitch of sound, which has been recognized as sound argument in the academic circles ever since Yuanren Chao(1930) presented an opinion called The five degree Tone marking method, should be established as a sole standard in the Tone’s classification, or an element called Length of sound besides Pitch of sound should be applied in parallel as a classification standard according to traditional classification method, this paper judges it desirable to leave it as an unsolved case for which more definite conclusion should be drawn in the future. And regarding the loss of Entering-tone, which has been recognized as a representative phenomenon among Phonological change which differentiates between Middle Chinese and Early Old Mandarin, it was confirmed through the various research results of late that the phenomenon of Entering-tone’s weakening or loss had already been progressing even during the Tang and Song dynasty of Middle Chinese period. In this paper, through the research results of Shi Xiangdong(1983), Zhou Zumo(1988), Kim Eunjoo(2002), etc. and analysis on Hu Zeng’s Xi qizu yu bu zheng, it was verified that the phenomenon of Entering-endings’ weakening and loss had been already progressing in the dialects of extensive regions during the Tang dynasty around 7th to 9th century, in a variety of aspects including the mixed uses of [-t] and [-k], [-p] and [-k], etc.