日本語の感情動詞に関する研究 ‒文法的特徴を中心に‒
A Study on Emotional Verbs in Japanese -Focus on grammatical features-
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초록
本稿では、日本語の感情動詞の特徴を明らかにするために、感情動詞が持っている文法的特徴を中心に察してみた。その結果をまとめると、次のようである。 (1)仁田の｢自己制御性｣によると、感情動詞は｢過程の自己制御性｣と｢非自己制御性｣の特性を持つ動詞であるが、 ｢感謝する｣は、命令にも禁止にも意志にもなりうるため、｢達成の自己制御性｣を持つ動詞であると言える。 (2)感情動詞の中では、開始段階を表す｢～はじめる｣と共起できる点、進行中であることを意味する｢ているところだ｣と共起できる点は、動作動詞と同じ振る舞いを見せる部分もあるが、｢～おわる｣とは共起できない。 (3)感情動詞が発話時における話者の感情をル形で表せることは、ル形で現在の状態を表す状態動詞と類似している。また、条件文の使用で、話し手だけではなく、3人称もル形で未来に生じ得る感情を表すことができる。
Abstract
In this paper, in order to clarify the characteristics of emotion verbs in Japanese, I have focused on the grammatical features that emotion verbs have. The results can be summarized as follows. (1) According to Nitta’s theory of “self-control,” emotional verbs are verbs that have the characteristics of “self-control of process” and “non-self-control,” but “kannsyasuru” can be a command, a prohibition, or a will, so it can be said to be a verb that has “self-control of achievement.” (2) Among emotion verbs, they can co-occur with “~hajimeru” (to begin something) which indicates the beginning stage, and with “teiru tokoroda” (to be done something), which indicates something is in progress, so they behave in the same way as action verbs, but they cannot co-occur with “~owaru” (to end something). (3) Emotion verbs can express the speaker’s feelings at the time of utterance in the “ru” form, which is similar to stative verbs that express the present state in the “ru” form. Also, by using conditional sentences, not only the speaker but also the third person can express feelings that may occur in the future in the “ru” form.