感情動詞「困る」の文法的特徴と意味機能

Abstract

This study compares grammatical features and semantic functions while in usage of “suru”, “shita” and “shiteiru” forms of “komaru” which is a emotion verb in modern Japanese. In order to define the language system of “komaru”, first the grammatical environment while in usage of each form was determined and based on the results, lexical meaning was considered to set the criteria of study and from this perspective it was analyzed how the speaker chose and used the forms. The results show that “shiteiru” form posses grammatical features of co-occurring with adverbs expressing length of time. The cause of awkwardness of the speaker has no relationship with the listener but by the context and the meaning, and function of utterance can be realized by the fact that the speaker is in a awkward situation and is trying to notify the situation to the listener.　Next, in “shita” form the fact that utterance takes place as soon as realizing the cause of awkwardness of speaker can be confirmed by non-conversational grammatical features and there is almost no demand to the listener through utterance.　Finally, in “suru” form cause of awkwardness is proposed in the conditional clause with the purpose to prevent the speaker from continuing the situation or the re-occurrence of the situation. Also, as for “shita” and “suru” forms that can be both used as single word, speaker’s awareness of the cause leads to difference in forms.