일본어 교육 관점에서의 유의부사 연구 -「すぐに」·「直ちに」·「たちまち」를 중심으로-
A Study On the Japanese Synonyms of Temporal Adverbs from the Viewpoint of Japanese Education-Based on 'Suguni', 'Tadachini' and' Tachimachi-
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本稿では日本語の時間副詞のうち、類義関係の「すぐ（に），直ちに, たちまち」について意味・用法を考察した後、日本語副詞に対応する韓国語副詞と比較・考察した。その結果を表でまとめ、日本語教育現場で活用できるようした。共通点は、ある事態が短時間に発生、成立したことと先行事態と後続事態という二つの時点を必要とすることである。相違点は、まず、「すぐに」と「たちまち」は過程性、「直ちに」は連続性を表す。次に「すぐに」は客観的、「たちまち」と「直ちに」は主観的である。最後に「すぐ(に)」は口頭語、「たちまち」が文章語、「直ちに」はややかたい文章語で公式な発言、あるいは報道に用いられる。日本語副詞に対応する韓国語副詞は ‘God, Balo, Jeugsi’で、三語の相違点をみると、‘God，Balo’は先行事態に焦点を置き、後続事態が短時間に起きたことを表し、‘Jeugsi’は後続事態に焦点を置くため連続する行為により、新しい展開が始まる新しい事態の発生を表す。また、‘God、Balo’は客観的、‘Jeugsi’は主観的である。‘Balo’は口語的、‘God、Jeugsi’は文章語的である。
Abstract
A comparative study was done on the meanings and usages of the temporal adverb "suguni" and its synonymous adverbs "tadachini" which "tachimachi", and compared them with their Korean equivalents. Japanese temporal adverbs have some features in common in that they imply an immediate realization of an activity and require a preceding event and its succeeding event. Their differences include the following: i) in terms of style, "suguni" is mostly used colloquially, while "tadachini" is usually used in formal statements or reports. ii) The three adverbs are different in the relationship between a preceding event and its succeeding event in that "suguni" implies a succeeding event has taken place immediately after the occurrence of its preceding event. "Tachimachi" suggests the preceding event has caused a significant development in the succeeding event in a short period of time, and "tadachini" connotes continuous succession of an activity between the preceeding and succeeding events without any time gap. "Tadachini" implies a human activity, "tachimachi" is for a natural phenomenon, while "suguni" is widely utilized in both instances. Korean temporal adverbs corresponding to these words may be "god", "baro", and "jeugsi". As for their differences in meanings, the former two words imply an immediate realization of a succeeding event based on the occurrence of the preceding event, but "jeugsi", which focuses on the succeeding event, suggests an occurrence of a new event that causes a new development of the situation.
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