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중국 대도시의 압축적 공간구조 특성이 도시경제발전에 미치는 영향력

Analysis of Effects of Compact Spatial Structure of Large Metropolitan Areas on Urban Economic Development in China

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주제분류지리학

초록

도시의 저밀도·외연적 확산 개발에 따른 문제점과 그로 인한 교통 에너지 소비 및 기후변화에 대한 우려가 높아지면서 압축도시 개발에 대한 논의가 활발해지고 있다. 중국의 경우 지난 30여년 동안 놀라운 경제성장과 함께 급격한 도시화가 진행되었다. 본 연구는 중국 33개 대도시를 대상으로 2003~2012년 동안 압축적 공간구조 요소들이 도시경제발전에 미치는 영향력을 분석하는데 목적을 두었다. 종사자 1인당 지역내총생산을 종속변수로 하여 압축적 공간구조 요소들을 설명변수로 하는 패널모형을 구축하여 추정하였다. 그 결과 압축적 공간구조 특징을 나타내는 변수들의 영향력은 모두 (+)의 부호로 나타났다. 즉, 인구밀도가 높을수록, 집중도가 높을수록, 토지이용의 혼합도가 높을수록, 종사자 1인당 지역내총생산을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 대중교통 접근성과 다양한 대중교통수단이 제공될수록, 보행도로면적 비율이 높을수록, 종사자 1인당 지역내총생산이 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 서구 도시들과는 달리 이미 고밀화된 중국 대도시의 경우 압축적 공간구조 구축을 통해 도시경제발전을 유도할 수 있다는 정책적 시사점을 도출하였다. 그러나 해당 도시의 적정 인구밀도 수준을 추정하여 도시경제의 생산성을 극대화하면서도 부정적 영향력을 미치지 않을 수 있는 정책을 펼쳐나가야 한다.

Abstract

The concept of the compact city has been widely recognized due to the energy consumption and air pollution from the urban sprawl. During the past three decades, China has experienced rapid economic growth with rapid urbanization. This paper aims to analyze the effects of the compact urban spatial structure on the urban economic development based on 33 large metropolitan areas in China. The panel model was set by a balanced panel data for 33 metropolitan areas for the period of 2003~2012. Gross regional domestic product per employee was used as the dependent variable and relevant factors of urban spatial structure were selected as the explanatory variables. The important findings can be summarized as follows. First, the density of population, degree of concentration and mixed land use variables are significantly positive effects on urban economic development. This is mainly because high population density contributes to the effect of the agglomeration economy and thus raises economic development. Second, as public transportation service is more accessible and increased, the higher labour productivity of the metropolitan area will be. The results of this empirical study provide policy implications to strengthen the urban economic development in China. It is necessary for the government to analyze the optimum population density to ensure the urban labor productivity to the highest level, since the population density exceeds the optimum level of density, it will in turn exert negative influence on the urban economy.

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