韓日バイリンガル児童による丁寧形の習得 ―動詞述語文における丁寧形を中心に―

Abstract

This study investigated the acquisition of Japanese polite form as a heritage language by Korean-Japanese bilingual children. The patterns of acquisition were compared with those of native speakers, learners, and natural learners of Japanese. The results revealed the following regarding the use of the end-of-text format by Korean-Japanese bilingual children. 1) As the school year goes up, the usage rate of polite form increases. 2) A total of 361 polite forms were identified in noun sentences and 51 in i-adjective sentences, but 'masu' form did not appear. 3) In verb sentences, 804 polite forms were identified. In the affirmative form, "mashita" and "masu" forms of “A series” accounted for most of the use, but 15 cases of "~tadesu" and five of "~rudesu" of “B series,” which are non-standard expressions, were confirmed. With regard to such non-standard expressions, Korean-Japanese bilingual children create their own grammar system by analyzing the input of Japanese language. 4) As for the negative form of the verb sentence, 99 cases of 'masen' form of “A series” and 63 cases of 'naidesu' form of “B series” (39% of the total) were confirmed. In terms of "naidesu" forms by Japanese level, unlike Japanese learners, who use "naidesu" forms more as the Japanese level increases, children with lower levels of Japanese use the word "naidesu." In other words, it is very similar to the characteristics of natural learners.