1950년대의 일본열도가 본 ‘한국전쟁’ ―1950년대에 발행된 일본 문예지를 중심으로―

Abstract

This paper examined how ‘the Korean War’ was dicussed through novels published in Japanese literary magazines of the 1950s. The magazines examined include six central literary magazines ("Shincho", "Gunzo", "Bungei", "Bungakukai", "Sekai", "ChūōKōron"), "Shinnihonbungaku" which was launched during the postwar democratic literary movement, and "Jinminbungaku," the central newspaper of the Circle Movement. In "Shinnihonbungaku" and "Jinminbungaku", ‘the Korean War’ was regarded as the trigger for World War III. In the case of the central literary magazines, the gaze of ‘the Korean War’ was shown in six forms:crisis and fear of the spread of the war; ‘the Korean War’ in anti-American, anti-war, and anti-base struggles; Zainichi Koreans as a prism; literary testimony about participation and cooperation; accusations against the reality of Japan on the U.S. military base island; the occasion to evoke Japan’s war. The most remarkable feature found in the Japanese view of ‘the Korean War’ was the fear of it spreading to Japan. Moreover, they endeavored to understand ‘the Korean War’ in an international context, but did not attempt to grasp the cause and background of the war from a historical perspective. This is also the difference from the perspective of Zainichi Koreans regarding ‘the Korean War’. In most of the works, the motif of ‘the Korean War’ functions as a device to summon memories of Japan's war and to discuss social problems caused by the presence of th U.S. military base.