메소아메리카 테오티우아칸의 起源과 盛衰
The Origin and the Vicissitudes in Teotihuacan, Mesoamerica
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본 연구는 인류문명의 불가사의로 여겨졌던 메소아메리카의 도시문명이 발생한 배경과 성쇠과정을 멕시코 분지에 위치한 테오티우아칸을 대상으로 고찰한 것이다. 본 연구는 2차에 걸친 현지답사와 선행연구를 토대로 분석한 결과, 옥수수재배와 집약적 관개농업으로 잉여식량을 확보한 메소아메리카의 도시들 중 멕시코 분지의 시드리 화산폭발로 많은 인구가 테오티우아칸으로 이주해옴에 따라 비교적 단기간에 도시로 성장하였음을 확인하였다. 신석기단계의 기술로 도시문명을 꽃피운 테오티우아칸은 입지적 비교우위와 종교를 매개로 발달하였고, 도시계획에는 풍수적 요소가 가미된 것으로 추정된다. 정치체제는 개인지배의 정치체제로 출발하여 A.D. 200년경부터는 조직정치체제로 전환되었음이 밝혀졌다.
Abstract
This paper investigates the background on the rise and fall of Teotihuacan in urban civilization of Mexican basin, Mesoamerica. Two times field surveys have been done accompanying with literature reviews on previous studies. Teotihuacan has become considerable urban area due to refugee immigration escaped from volcanic eruption in the Mexican basin where other cities have been flourished with food surplus from intensive irrigated farming and corn production. Urban civilization of Teotihuacan has blossomed in a relatively short period of time helped by locational advantage and strong religion. It may argue that geomancy would have considerable impacts on urban plans in Teotihuacan. The fall of Teotihuacan would be disputed by two factors such as either internal rebellion or external invasion.
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