선진국과 개발도상국 폐쇄적 공동체의 생태와 특성 비교:미국과 한국을 중심으로
A Comparative Study on Gated Communities in Developed Countries and Developing Countries
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본 연구는 미국을 필두로 하여 전 세계로 확산되고 있는 폐쇄적 공동체가 글로벌 현상 중의 하나임에 주목하여 이것을 국내학계에 소개하고 아울러 선진국과 개발도상국에 조성된 공동체를 비교해 보면서 이들 공동체가 지닌 의미의 재해석을 시도한 것이다. 연구결과, 선진국의 공동체가 개발도상국에 비하여 사인주의에 바탕을 둔 은신성이 강하다는 점이 밝혀졌다. 공동체의 유형은 해당국가가 처한 정치·경제적 상황에 따라 각각 상이하며, 입주민의 연령과 학력은 선진국이 낮은 경향을, 소득은 개발도상국이 높은 경향을 보였다. 이는 폐쇄적 공동체의 보급역사와 수요층의 계층적 차이에서 기인된 것으로 추정된다.
Abstract
The gated communities started from U.S.A. have sprawled into all over the world and become one of the globalization phenomena. This study focused on comparison of the gated communities between developed countries and developing countries. The results show that economy recovery in 1980s and speculative investment in real estate give rise to the gated communities in 33 nationwide. Most of the gated communities in developing countries including Republic of Korea have started from foreigner exclusive residence and their purposes and characteristics are very similar to those of developed countries, The types of the gated communities vary depending on national political and economic status. The ages, levels of income and education of their residents in developing countries are likely to be higher than those in core world.
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