1910년대-1930년대 광주신사의 관리‧운영에 관한 연구―신직(神職)과 우지코 총대(氏子總代)의 관계에 주목하여―
Management and Operation of Gwangju Shrine from the 1910s to the 1930s －Analyzing the Relationship between Shinto Priests and Parishioners－
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초록
本研究は、1910年代から1930年代における光州神社の創建および運営の実態を明らかにすることを目的とし、特に神職と氏子総代の関係に着目して、日本人が地域神社にどのように関与していたのかを検討するものである。光州神社は1917年、朝鮮総督府令に基づいて正式に創建され、神職の任命には関連規定により氏子総代が深く関与していた。1930年代には神職の任命が長期間にわたり遅延する事態が発生し、当時の地域社会ではこの出来事が「光州神社神職問題」と呼ばれていた。この事件は、氏子総代間の対立のみならず、監督官庁の不作為や地域日本人の間における権力闘争が複合的に絡み合って生じたものである。本稿は、この事例を通じて、神社が表向きには天皇制国家への忠誠を促す場として機能していた一方で、実際には日本人権力者たちの利害が交錯する政治的空間として作用していたことを明らかにする。
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the actual process of the establishment and operation of the Gwangju Shrine from the 1910s to the mid-1930s, with particular focus on the relationship between Shinto priests (shinkan) and ujiko representatives. By doing so, it examines how local Japanese elites engaged with regional shrines in colonial Korea. The Gwangju Shrine was formally established in 1917 under the ordinance of the Government-General of Korea, and the appointment of its priests involved significant input from ujiko representatives in accordance with relevant regulations. In the 1930s, the priest appointment process was delayed for an extended period, and this situation came to be referred to within the local community as the "Gwangju Shrine Priesthood Issue." The incident stemmed not only from internal conflicts among ujiko leaders but also from administrative negligence and power struggles among local Japanese elites. Through this case study, the paper reveals that while the shrine ostensibly served as a space for fostering loyalty to the emperor-centered state, it also functioned in practice as a political arena in which the interests of Japanese powerholders intersected and competed