재조일본인 건립 신사(神社)에 관한 기초적 연구－‘한국병합’ 전후 변화 양상을 중심으로－

Abstract

This study examines shinto shrines built by Japanese settlers in Korean peninsula from the opening port era to 1910s. Focusing on how shinto shrines transformed after the annexation of Korea, this study also analyzes influence on Korean society. To clarify the actual situation, two cases are examined. During the opening port era, a shinto shrine in settlement was a place to pray private wishes. As settler’s population increases, shrines dedicated to Amaterasu increased gradually. Amaterasu became a symbolic presence among Japanese settlers from diverse region. During the early period, private wishes and nationalistic intentions coexisted in shrine. After the annexation of Korea, national shinto regime spread widely in colonial Korea. Rules to regulate shinto shrine and buddhist temple established in 1915. In this process, the Japanese Government-General of Korea put emphasis on financial conditions to maintain dignity of shrines. As a result, Korean were forced to join up as worshipper(Ujiko) and contribute to the operating costs. To examine the actual construction process, this article analyzes two cases of Incheon and Suwon. These cases present two types of shrine which are reorganized shrine and newly constructed shrine after the establishment of the rules. Through case studies, the transplantation of national shinto regime to colonial Chosen is confirmed. In this period, roles of shinto shrines changed. Shrine is not only a place of belief and relaxation but also a symbol of settler’s unification. And shinto shrines were expected to play a role in edification and assimilation of ‘uncivilized’ koreans. Therefore, shinto shrines built by Japanese settlers gradually transformed to fulfill the roles.