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국제합작투자에서 학습 딜레마와파트너 기업간 신뢰

Learning Dilemma and the Role of Trust in Interorganizational Learning in International Joint Ventures

신동엽|권수라
한국전략경영학회 (Korean Strategic Management Society)|2008.06|전략경영연구 (Journal of Strategic Management)|제11권 제2호|pp. 21-59|DOI 10.17786/jsm.2008.11.2.002

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참고문헌

키워드

학습trust전략적 제휴strategic allianceinternational joint venture국제합작투자학습딜레마interorgnizational learninglearning dilemma
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 합작투자와 같은 전략적 제휴에서 파트너 기업간 신뢰가 학습에 미치는 영향을 한국 기업과 외국 기업간의 국제합작투자를 대상으로 실증적으로 분석한다. 파트너로부터 경영 노하우나 기술 노하우를 학습하는 것은 전략적 제휴의 가장 중요한 목적으로 최근 강조되어 왔다. 그러나 학습은 파트너 기업간 역량의 상호보완성이라는 협력관계의 핵심 기반을 파괴함으로써 전략적 제휴를 불안정하게 만드는 원인이 되기도 하는 딜레마를 가진다. 따라서 안정적인 협력관계를 유지하면서 동시에 파트너 기업간 학습이 역동적으로 발생하도록 하는 것이 제휴경영의 핵심 과제 중 하나이나, 어떤 요소가 이를 가능하게 하는지는 기존 연구들에서 명확히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 파트너 기업간 신뢰가 학습딜레마를 극복할 수 있게 하는 핵심 기반이라는 전제하에, 신뢰를 다른 여러 변수들이 학습에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 수 있도록 연결시켜주는 매개변수로 보는 구조방정식 모형을 실증연구를 통해 검증한다. 이를 위해 모기업간 조직유사성, 자산특화성, 합작기업 자율성, 정보공유 등 네 가지 변수를 독립변수로 보고, 파트너 기업간 신뢰를 이들 독립변수들과 학습을 연결시켜주는 매개변수로 보는 구조방정식 모형을 설정하여 그 타당성을 140개 국제합작투자를 대상으로 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과, 이들 네 가지 독립변수들 중, 모기업간 조직유사성, 자산특화성, 합작기업 자율성 등 세 가지는 본 연구모형에서 예측했던 대로 학습에 직접적으로 긍정적 영향을 미치지는 못하고 신뢰의 매개작용을 통해서만 간접적으로 학습에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 정보공유는 신뢰의 매개작용을 통한 간접효과와 직접효과를 모두 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 합작투자와 같은 전략적 제휴에서 파트너 기업간 신뢰가 학습의 딜레마를 극복할 수 있게 하는 중추적 매개변수라는 사실을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study concerns the role of trust in interorganizational learning in international joint ventures. The importance of learning has been recently emphasized as a core goal of strategic alliances, such as joint ventures. However, interorganizational learning often causes instability in cooperative relations by undermining the structural basis of the complementarity between partner firms, which is referred to as learning dilemma. Therefore, the simultaneous achievement of both dynamic learning and relational stability has been regarded as one of the most difficult challenges in alliance management. Based on the assumption that inter-partner trust will serve as a key solution to the learning dilemma in joint ventures, we empirically test a research model that considers trust as a mediating variable between independent variables and learning. In our research model, trust is treated as a mediating variable which relays the effects of four independent variables including asset specificity, information-sharing, joint venture autonomy, and partner similarity, to the dependent variable of learning. According to the results of our empirical analyses for a data-set on 140 international joint ventures, three independent variables - asset specificity, autonomy, and similarity - turned out to affect interorganizational learning only through the mediation of trust, whereas information-sharing was found to have both direct and mediated effects on learning. The findings of this study suggest that trust is a crucial mediator that enables participants of joint ventures to overcome the learning dilemma.

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