국제합작투자의 통제구조와 경영성과에 관한 연구: 파트너간 신뢰와 기회주의의 조절효과를 중심으로
A Study on the Structure of Control and Performance of International Joint Ventures in Korea: Moderating Effects of the Levels of Opportunitism and Trust between Partners
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국제합작투자는 합작투자의 결성 못지 않게 합작투자법인이 해체되는 경우가 빈번히 발생되고 있다. 따라서 합작사업을 성공적으로 이끌기 위해서는 합작투자목적을 달성할 수 있는 적절한 통제방안을 마련하는 일이 무엇보다 중요하다. 그러나 이러한 중요성에 비해서 국제합작투자법인의 통제에 관한 기존의 연구는 국내외적으로 많지 않은 형편이다. 또한 기존의 연구들조차도 경영통제와 성과와의 관계가 서로 상이하게 나타나고 있다. 기존의 연구결과가 상이하게 나타난 것은 경영통제와 성과의 개념을 다양하게 사용하고 있기 때문이며, 합작사업에서 통제와 성과간의 관계가 국제합작사업의 상황에 따라서 변화되는 간접적인 관계라는 점을 간과하고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존문헌을 통하여 국제합작투자분야에서 이용되고 있는 경영통제와 성과의 다양한 측면을 체계화시키고 이를 국내 외국인 합작법인을 대상으로 실증 분석함으로써 경영통제와 성과간의 관계를 보다 구체화시키고자 한다. 또한 합작투자 모기업입장에서 가장 중요한 변수인 파트너에 대한 기회주의와 신뢰를 두 축으로 합작사업을 구분하여 이러한 특성별로도 경영통제와 성과와의 관계를 밝히고자 한다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 국내외국인 투자기업들이 사용하고 있는 경영통제중에서 합작상황별로 가장 높은 경영성과를 나타내는 경영통제방안이 무엇인지를 밝혀주게 될 것이다. 또한 우리나라기업들이 해외합작투자시 적합한 통제구조를 마련하는데 있어서도 연구자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
International joint ventures(IJVs) result in failures as often as they are created. Despite a proper structure of control being recognized as a key to success in IJV, the previous research on the issue has been rather scant and the results have not been always consistent. Such inconsistency in the previous research may be ascribed, first, to simplicity and ambiguities in definition of control used by authors, and secondly to the fact that the effects of control on IJV performance may not be direct, but contingent on the different context facing IJVs. In this research, therefore, the structure of control in IJV is more systematically defined as a multi-dimensional concept and the effects of control on IJV performance are empirically analyzed in different contexts classified by two contingent variables i.e. degree of opportunism and degree of trust between partners. This research will then highlight the most ideal structure of control in different contexts facing partners.
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