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인류세 시대의 COVID-19 위기와 아프리카의 문화적 맥락

The COVID-19 Crisis in the Anthropocene Epoch and the African Cultural Context

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한국아프리카학회 (Korean Association Of African Studies)|2020.12|한국아프리카 학회지 (Journal of the Korean Association of African Studies)|제61권 |pp. 71-104

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코로나19종교아프리카문화적 맥락민간요법인류세 시대
주제분류학제간연구

초록

중국 우한시에서 시작된 코로나19가 전 세계로 확산하면서 수많은 사람이 다양한 형태의 고통을 당하거나 희생되고 있다. 코로나19는 세계 경제와 사람들의 일상을 흔들고 있다. 이러한 엄청난 위기 속에서 사람들은 공포감, 우울감, 무기력감, 분노 등의 감정을 경험하고 있다. 코로나19 사망자도 계속 늘어나고 있다. 코로나바이러스는 사람을 차별하지 않는다. 하지만 이 바이러스로 인한 ‘사회적 고통’(social suffering)은 모든 사람에게 균등하게 분배되지 않는다. 코로나19로 인한 피해 양상은 성별, 나이, 계층, 지역, 종족에 따라 다르다. 요컨대, 코로나19의 최대 피해자는 ‘사회적 약자’다. 이 글의 목적은 아프리카의 문화 체계가 코로나19 위기에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는지를 고찰하는 데 있다. 위에서 살펴보았듯이 아프리카의 문화 체계는 코로나19 위기를 극복하는 데 부정적으로 작용하고 있다. 코로나19와 관련된 아프리카인의 종교적 믿음과 실천뿐만 아니라 민간요법은 이 전염병을 예방하고 이에 대처하는 과정에서 심각한 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 특히 일부 정치 지도자의 그릇된 인식과 판단은 더욱 심각한 문제로 보인다. 그들의 안일한 인식과 대처는 국가를 큰 위험에 빠트릴 가능성이 매우 크다. 코로나19의 세계적 확산은 인간이 지구 환경에 미친 영향으로 발생한 ‘전대미문의 재앙’이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 인간 행동이 환경을 어떻게 변화시키는지, 지구라는 행성 속에서 인간은 어디에 위치하는지, 다양한 비인간 종과 어떻게 공존해 나가며 살아가야 하는지에 대한 성찰뿐만 아니라 실천 방향에 대한 고민이 절실하다. 이와 더불어, 코로나19 위기가 언제 종식될지 모르므로, 개별 국가뿐만 아니라 국제 사회는 이에 대해 신속하고 적절한 대책을 마련해야 함은 물론, 포스트 코로나 시대를 철저히 대비해야 할 것이다.

Abstract

As the COVID-19 originated from the City of Wuhan in China spreads worldwide, numerous people are suffering diverse kinds of pain or being victimized. The COVID-19 is swaying the global economy and people’s daily lives. Amidst the tremendous crisis, people are experiencing such feelings as fear, depression, languishment and anger. Also, the COVID-19 death toll is constantly growing. The coronavirus does not discriminate people. The social sufferings caused by it, however, are not evenly distributed. Aspects of damage due to the COVID-19 are different according to sex, age, stratification, region and ethnic group. In short, the biggest victims of the COVID-19 are the socially disadvantaged. This paper is aiming to examine how the African cultural system has influenced on the COVID-19 crisis. As shown above, this system is negatively working in overcoming the crisis. Home remedies as well as religious beliefs and practices of African people related to the COVID-19 have operated as serious obstacles, in the process of preventing and dealing with the Coronavirus. In particular, the false recognition and judgment of some political leaders seem to be more serious problems. Their easygoing perception and handling can put their countries in jeopardy. It is believed that the worldwide spread of the COVID-19 is an unprecedented disaster arisen from human effects on the earth’s environment. Accordingly, we need to sincerely have a hang-up about the reflection and direction of practice, concerned with how human behavior changes the environment, where humans are located in the planet earth, and how humans coexist and live with a variety of non-human species. In addition, the international community as well as individual states have to devise swift and proper measures and prepare thoroughly the Post-Corona Period. This is because we do not know when the Covid-19 crisis will be ended.

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