19세기 말 영국 지식인과 동아시아 - 유럽중심적 시각의 층위 -
British Intellectuals’ View of East Asia in the Late 19th Century
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Since the eighteenth century European intellectuals thought that civilization had been made only by a few European countries. With the influence of the Enlightenment they became proud of their culture and tradition. Their views of the other world were also changed into some prejudices influenced by Euro-centrism. This essay focuses on some British intellectuals’ views of East Asia, especially Korea and Japan in the late nineteenth century. At first, on the basis of diplomats’ reports of the Parliamentary Papers published in 1884 and 85, I try to examine how British diplomats understood two countries. While the diplomats were surprised to see the rapid developments of Japan during the process of modernization, they thought that Korea would be to experience some difficulties in the transition from the traditional society to the new one. Secondly, there are some articles on the two countries in 1880s reviews. The writers all regarded Japanese modernization as very successful. Especially they set a high value on the ruling class, who had imported arts, science and institutions in order to modernize their country. Although the writers also comprehended the importance of Japanese reforms, they could not escape from the mentality of Euro-centrism, on the basis of which they viewed Japanese people as the ‘other’ guided by barbarism. But, their consciousness of Korea was different from that of Japan in the late nineteenth century. For the intellectuals, Korea had just crossed the threshold to the opening of the country. They tried to seek some possibilities of the future development of the country in the negative perspective. It means that they focused on the some potentials inherent in the over-all negative landscape. In contrast to the case of Korea, they were surprised to see Japanese modernization. So they tried to search some negative problems in the successful process of such modernization in order to take the neutral perspective between the two. These different approaches to the two countries seem to have brought out the different prejudices about them.
Abstract
Since the eighteenth century European intellectuals thought that civilization had been made only by a few European countries. With the influence of the Enlightenment they became proud of their culture and tradition. Their views of the other world were also changed into some prejudices influenced by Euro-centrism. This essay focuses on some British intellectuals’ views of East Asia, especially Korea and Japan in the late nineteenth century. At first, on the basis of diplomats’ reports of the Parliamentary Papers published in 1884 and 85, I try to examine how British diplomats understood two countries. While the diplomats were surprised to see the rapid developments of Japan during the process of modernization, they thought that Korea would be to experience some difficulties in the transition from the traditional society to the new one. Secondly, there are some articles on the two countries in 1880s reviews. The writers all regarded Japanese modernization as very successful. Especially they set a high value on the ruling class, who had imported arts, science and institutions in order to modernize their country. Although the writers also comprehended the importance of Japanese reforms, they could not escape from the mentality of Euro-centrism, on the basis of which they viewed Japanese people as the ‘other’ guided by barbarism. But, their consciousness of Korea was different from that of Japan in the late nineteenth century. For the intellectuals, Korea had just crossed the threshold to the opening of the country. They tried to seek some possibilities of the future development of the country in the negative perspective. It means that they focused on the some potentials inherent in the over-all negative landscape. In contrast to the case of Korea, they were surprised to see Japanese modernization. So they tried to search some negative problems in the successful process of such modernization in order to take the neutral perspective between the two. These different approaches to the two countries seem to have brought out the different prejudices about them.
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