고대 성곽 공방전에 관한 군사 공학적 전략론 분석
An Analysis of Military Engineering Strategies for the Ancient Siege Warfare
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 프론티누스와 베게티우스의 글을 군사 공학적인 측면에서 분석했다. 프론티누스는 군지휘관으로서의 실제 경험이 있으므로, 베게티우스는 고위 행정가로서의 경험이 있으므로 이들의 글이 후대에 영향을 끼쳤다고 한다. 이들이 공통으로 거론하는 성곽 공방전을 중심으로 그들이 주장하는 전략과 실제 전투에서 사용하는 전략을 비교, 분석했다. 프론티누스의 글은 적을 공격하는 공성전에 관한 글이 대부분이었다. 그는 공성전 중에서도 포위전에 관한 전략을 상세히 서술했다. 전략적인 측면에서 포위전은 아군에게도 힘든 전투 방식이었다. 포위망을 구축하는 것은 아군에게 상당한 육체적 노동을 강요하고, 적을 경계해야 하는 심리적인 긴장도 상당하다. 또 그가 활동하던 1세기에 로마군은 포위전만 한 것이 없고, 공격전 위주로 전쟁했다. 따라서 프론티누스가 전투 경험을 가진 군지휘관이어서 실질적인 전략을 서술했다는 평가는 잘못된 것이다. 그의 글은 당대의 전투 상황을 전혀 반영하지 못했다고 볼 수 있다. 베게티우스의 글에는 공격적인 전략에 관한 내용이 상당수 있다. 4세기의 전투 사례들을 볼 때 포위망을 구축한 후 공격하든, 곧바로 공격하든 공격전을 펼친 전투가 대부분이었다. 이는 공격전을 강조한 당시의 상황이 베게티우스의 글에서 그대로 반영되었음을 의미한다. 또 그의 수성전 전략도 전략의 현실성과 유익성 면에서 타당했다고 볼 수 있다. 다만 실제 전투가 일어나는 빈도를 볼 때 그의 수성전 전략은 그렇게 활용 가치가 높은 전략은 아니었다. 오히려 베게티우스 글의 유익성은 로마군이 가장 빈번하게 하는 공격전에서 두드러진다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the writings of Frontinus and Vegetius from the perspective of military engineering. Since Frontinus has practical experience as a military commander, and Vegetius has experience as a high-ranking administrator, their writings are said to have influenced future generations. Focusing on the battle for the castle that they commonly discuss, the strategies they claim and the strategies used in actual battles were compared and analyzed. Most of Frontinus's writings were about siege warfare attacking the enemy. During the siege, he detailed the strategy for the encirclement warfare. From a strategic point of view, the siege was a difficult combat method for the Roman army. Establishing a encirclement imposes considerable physical labor on the Romans, and there is also considerable psychological tension to guard against the enemy. Also, in the first century when Frontinus was active, the Roman army fought mainly in attack. Therefore, the evaluation that Frontinus was a military commander with combat experience and described a practical strategy is wrong. It can be seen that his writings did not reflect the battle situation of the time at all. Vegetius' writing has a lot of information about offensive strategies. In the case of battles in the 4th century, most of the battles were offensive, whether attacking after establishing a encirclement or immediately. This means that the situation at the time of emphasizing offensive warfare was reflected in Vegetius's writings. In addition, it can be said that his strategy of a castle defense battle was valid in terms of the practicality and profitability of the strategy. However, when looking at the frequency of actual battles, his strategy was not so valuable to use. The usefulness of the Vegetius writings stands out in the most frequent strikes of the Romans.
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