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이탈리아 ‘북부문제’와 지역주의-로컬경제와 유럽연합의 지역정책과 관련시켜

Lega Nord and the Italian Regionalism: Its Relation to Local Economy and EU's Politics of Region

장세룡
대구사학회 (Daegu Sahakhoe)|2012.05|대구사학 (DAEGUSAHAK)|제107권 |pp. 347-384|DOI http://dx.doi.org/

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남부문제Post-FordismLocal Production System북부동맹북부문제포스트 포드주의로컬생산체제Lega NordMezzogiorno ProblemNorthern Question
주제분류역사학

초록

The Italian Regionalism has been so far focusing on the Mezzogiorno problem. This was mainly from the endogenous factors of the region and the state in establishing the modern national state. However, the Northern Question which appeared after the late 1980s is the more complex phenomenon which, beyond the problems of the region and the state, resulted from multi-layered structure of the endogenous localism and the exogenous EU and globalisation. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate that the uprise of the Northern Question as a kind of phenomenon that Italy had failed to make modern national state and tried to restructure off state from the postmodern perspective. In this sense, we can think that regional populist party the Lega Nord is the an attempt to desperately seek the immediate survival of the entrepreneur and the labours of the small and medium-sized enterprises in small and middle town Industry District that producing specialized consumer goods in periphery of the center against to the external pressures of globalisation which began to accelerate in the late 1980s. And the survival strategy of the small and medium-sized enterprises in northeast industry that confront the collapse of the matrix of large enterprises in the north-west, Post-Fordism, and flexibility of labour caused the regionalism. When the Northern Question was highlighted as current issues, the interesting phenomenon was that as Mezzogiorno problem which had been key issues of the problem of italian regionalism was reevaluated, it was emphasized that the South itself has the endogenous competency of development. Even it has been said that the problem of Italian regionalism is returning to Mezzogiorno problem again. But, the fact that the northern regionalism still has its complex relationship with the EU is an issue. Meanwhile, Local Production Systems are also emerging in south Italia. But this is also the product of delocalization strategies by some leading enterprise in middle-north seeking more cheaper labour to increase competitive force in deepening international economy. This experience provided a spur for the problem of Italian regionalism to be newly observed throughout Italy without focusing on ‘Mezzogiorno problem’ or ‘Northern Question’. Especially, the anticipated Federalism discussion and its results can give the possibility to convert the region centered thinking into local(city) centered thinking.

Abstract

The Italian Regionalism has been so far focusing on the Mezzogiorno problem. This was mainly from the endogenous factors of the region and the state in establishing the modern national state. However, the Northern Question which appeared after the late 1980s is the more complex phenomenon which, beyond the problems of the region and the state, resulted from multi-layered structure of the endogenous localism and the exogenous EU and globalisation. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate that the uprise of the Northern Question as a kind of phenomenon that Italy had failed to make modern national state and tried to restructure off state from the postmodern perspective. In this sense, we can think that regional populist party the Lega Nord is the an attempt to desperately seek the immediate survival of the entrepreneur and the labours of the small and medium-sized enterprises in small and middle town Industry District that producing specialized consumer goods in periphery of the center against to the external pressures of globalisation which began to accelerate in the late 1980s. And the survival strategy of the small and medium-sized enterprises in northeast industry that confront the collapse of the matrix of large enterprises in the north-west, Post-Fordism, and flexibility of labour caused the regionalism. When the Northern Question was highlighted as current issues, the interesting phenomenon was that as Mezzogiorno problem which had been key issues of the problem of italian regionalism was reevaluated, it was emphasized that the South itself has the endogenous competency of development. Even it has been said that the problem of Italian regionalism is returning to Mezzogiorno problem again. But, the fact that the northern regionalism still has its complex relationship with the EU is an issue. Meanwhile, Local Production Systems are also emerging in south Italia. But this is also the product of delocalization strategies by some leading enterprise in middle-north seeking more cheaper labour to increase competitive force in deepening international economy. This experience provided a spur for the problem of Italian regionalism to be newly observed throughout Italy without focusing on ‘Mezzogiorno problem’ or ‘Northern Question’. Especially, the anticipated Federalism discussion and its results can give the possibility to convert the region centered thinking into local(city) centered thinking.

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