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18세기 영국의 경제와 정치제도: 분석의 시각에 관한 검토

The Economy and Institutions in Eighteenth-Century Britain: A Call for a New Approach

김대륜
대구사학회 (Daegu Sahakhoe)|2012.05|대구사학 (DAEGUSAHAK)|제107권 |pp. 231-260|DOI http://dx.doi.org/

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참고문헌

키워드

명예혁명the Glorious Revolution의회정치interest politicsparliamentary politics더글러스 노스신제도주의 경제사재정군사국가이익집단 정치18세기 영국 경제발전Douglass C. Northnew institutional economic historythe fiscal-military stateeighteenth-century British economic development
주제분류역사학

초록

This essay discusses the ways in which Britain’s state intersected with the economy in the eighteenth century. With a brief reappraisal of Douglass C. North and his associates’ much celebrated institutionalist interpretation of Britain’s economic success and of the fiscal-military state literature, the essay welcomes recent attempts to overcome the enduring disciplinary divide between economic and political histories, and argues for further scrutiny of the workings of the eighteenth-century British state in economic affairs. While acknowledging to a certain extent the emphasis given by North and others to the vitality of secure property rights to Britain’s economic development, the essay suggests that political institutions, as understood by North and others as formal and informal rules concerning the operation of a national economy, should be examined more closely in the context of the complicated, and often contingent, relationship between the state, economic interests and the public. The same critique, the essay further suggests, may apply to the fiscal-military state literature. Although it has rightly questioned the Whiggish nature of North’s account which privileges the British historical experience over historically diverse paths to economic modernity, the fiscal-military state literature has not paid sufficient attention to the varying extent to which the central executive as well as the legislature involved itself in the operation of the economy. In order to fully appreciate the evolution of institutions underpinning Britain’s economic development and the varying degrees of state intervention in economic affairs, the essay highlights some of the changes – both intended and unintended – brought by the Glorious Revolution to the structure and process of economic policy making – the growing confidence of both the executive and the legislature in handling economic matters, the gradual accommodation between the state and special interests, and the broadening of discussion concerning economic issues within both state and public arenas.

Abstract

This essay discusses the ways in which Britain’s state intersected with the economy in the eighteenth century. With a brief reappraisal of Douglass C. North and his associates’ much celebrated institutionalist interpretation of Britain’s economic success and of the fiscal-military state literature, the essay welcomes recent attempts to overcome the enduring disciplinary divide between economic and political histories, and argues for further scrutiny of the workings of the eighteenth-century British state in economic affairs. While acknowledging to a certain extent the emphasis given by North and others to the vitality of secure property rights to Britain’s economic development, the essay suggests that political institutions, as understood by North and others as formal and informal rules concerning the operation of a national economy, should be examined more closely in the context of the complicated, and often contingent, relationship between the state, economic interests and the public. The same critique, the essay further suggests, may apply to the fiscal-military state literature. Although it has rightly questioned the Whiggish nature of North’s account which privileges the British historical experience over historically diverse paths to economic modernity, the fiscal-military state literature has not paid sufficient attention to the varying extent to which the central executive as well as the legislature involved itself in the operation of the economy. In order to fully appreciate the evolution of institutions underpinning Britain’s economic development and the varying degrees of state intervention in economic affairs, the essay highlights some of the changes – both intended and unintended – brought by the Glorious Revolution to the structure and process of economic policy making – the growing confidence of both the executive and the legislature in handling economic matters, the gradual accommodation between the state and special interests, and the broadening of discussion concerning economic issues within both state and public arenas.

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