일본식 오징어어업의 전파 과정을 통해서 본 울릉도 사회의 변화과정

Abstract

Ulleungdo squid fishing was known to people as an accidental opportunity for the discovery of the fishing field by Japanese but the truth is the result of pursuing the Japanese governmental right of resident on Ulleungdo in 1900s against after the Russian interruption on the Japanese timbering right in Korea(Choseon) and evacuation policy by Korean government. In circumstance of Korean governmental prohibition of timbering right toward Japan, Japan dispatched marine engineers to Ulleungdo and tried to develop the fishing field around the island to get the priority and started survey on the fishing field. Japan strengthened ruling policy on the island trying de facto Japanese resident right on the island, stationed police, and organized Japanese merchant association. Thus, squid focusing Japan island fishers immigrated into Ulleungdo in 1900s by the imperial policy to manage Ulleungdo fishing field, which emerged one of merit squid fishing base in Korea. Periodical cargo ship sailed to Ulleungdo to transport and sell the squid product and enough amount of fishery fund flow into the Ulleungdo to become an important base area for the trade between Korea and Japan on the sea route. However, as squid disappear around coastal sea by excessive fishing after 1915, Japanese fishers left Ulleungdo and the island became the poorest area in Korea. Advanced squid fishing technology was transplanted to Ulleungdo by Japanese in 1900s as good squid fishing field but it lost the name and the role after disappearing of value. However many poor Koreas still came to Ulleungdo to find wealthy squid but it became ‘slum’ by excessive Korean population immigration. Japanese colonial administration compulsively moved poor Ulleungdo Koreans to the north region as mine worker or to Manchuria to resolute excessive population but did not take any economic improvement policy on the island. The reputation of Ulleungdo squid after the liberation in 1945 succeeded the Japanese ruling period squid fishing style which take over Japanese Oki island technology. This type of squid production technology was transplanted from traditional method of Oki islands in Japan into Korea as typical squid production.