1930년대 초중반 국내 사회주의 지식인의 독일의 대외정책과 유럽정세 인식

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine socialist intellectuals' policy of abolishing the Versailles system that developed after Hitler came to power and the resulting change of the situation in Europe. Socialism recognized that the Versailles system fundamentally contained the contradictions of an imperialist system, and that the former allied powers, including the U.K. and France, attempted to prevent Germany's resurgence and maintain an international order excluding the Soviet Union while putting a stop to these contradictions. The socialist world judged that after the establishment of the Hitler regime, it set out to overthrow the Versailles system as part of a plan to overcome the crisis of German capitalism after the Great Depression, and against the background of the Versailles system's resistance against oppression of Germany, Hitler's eastward policy. In response, European countries launched a joint response, but the joint response was unstable because the powers prioritized their own interests under the imperialist order. Targeting the weaknesses of the the siege against Germany, Germany declared a surprise rearmament, occupied the Rhineland, fully challenging the Versailles system. Therefore, European powers also sought measures to suppress Germany, but diagnosed that cracks had appeared in the joint response front against Germany due to Germany's policy of coopting the U.K. and Italy's invasion of Ethiopia. Under these circumstances, the anti-Fascist Popular Front regime was established in France and Spain in the spring of 1936, and a civil war broke out by the fascist group in Spain. The socialist world evaluated the People's Front positively, which can be regarded as a drastic change of direction from the previous class-to-class line and social fascism theory. As the Spanish Civil War escalated into an international war, the socialist community changed from the perspective of viewing the situation in Europe as a confrontation between the existing status quo countries versus status quo breaking countries to the position of placing more emphasis on the confrontation between fascism blok and the Soviet Union.