학대 피해 아동을 위한 미술치료 전략에 대한 구성주의 근거이론
Constructivist Grounded Theory on Art Therapy Strategies for Child Victims of Abuse
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 부모에게 학대받아 의뢰된 아이들을 만나는 미술치료사들이 회기를 어떻게 구성해나가는지 탐구함으로써 효과적인 미술치료 전략을 탐구하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 우선, 학대 피해 아동이 미술치료 회기 안에서 어떠한 특징을 보이는지 조사하고, 치료가 진행되면서 그러한 특징이 어떻게 변화했는지 살펴보았다. 그리고 미술치료사들이 어떠한 전략으로 개입하였는지 조사하였다. 연구의 참여자는 학대 피해 아동을 치료한 경험이 풍부한 미술치료사 5명이다. 자료는 일대일 면접을 통하여 수집되었으며 Charmaz의 구성주의 근거이론 방법을 토대로 분석되었다. 분석 결과, 99개의 초기 코딩 범주와 34개의 초점 코딩 범주가 구성되었으며 최종적으로 11개의 이론적 코딩 범주로 구성된 이론적 패러다임이 도출되었다. 참여자들로부터 관찰된 학대 피해 아동의 특징은 <부적응적인 감각 반응>, <부정적 인지 편향>, <부모와 자신에 대한 혼란스러운 정서>, <상황에 휩쓸리는 삶>으로 요약되었다. 그리고 미술치료의 효과는 <직면하고 털어내기>, <긍정적인 감각 갖기>, <삶의 주인이 되어감>이라는 아동의 변화로 요약되었다. 또한 이상의 변화는 <치료적 관계 맺기>, <성숙한 치료사와의 관계 안에서 성장시키기>, <정서적 안정감 증진>, <자원 만들기>라는 전략적 개입을 통해 이루어졌음을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대하여 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study aimed to explore effective art therapy strategies by investigating how art therapists construct sessions for children abused by their parents. To this end, a researcher first surveyed the traits of abused children during the art therapy sessions and observed how these traits changed over the course of therapy. The researcher then examined the strategies that art therapists utilized as intervention methods. For this study the participants were five art therapists who had several years of experience in treating victims of child abuse. The data were collected through one-on-one interviews and analyzed based on Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory. In total, 105 categories were derived in the initial coding and 34 categories in the focus coding; ultimately, a theoretical paradigm that comprised 11 categories of theoretical coding was derived. The observed characteristics of abused children can be summarized as “maladaptive sensory responses,” “negatively biased cognition,” “mixed emotions about parents and self,” and “life swayed by situations.” The effects of the art therapy could be summarized as changes in children, such as “acknowledging and letting go,” “having a sense of positivity,” and “owning one’s life.” In addition, these changes were identified as being made through strategic interventions, such as “establishing a therapeutic relationship,” “growing the client in a relationship with a mature therapist,” “increasing emotional stability,” and “creating resources.”
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