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동아시아 주택정책 모델 논의와 시사점 - 자산기반 복지 논의를 중심으로 -

A study on the East Asian housing policy model and its implication : focused on property-based welfare system

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초록

싱가포르, 홍콩, 대만, 한국은 이른바 동아시아의 네 마리 용으로 불리는 국가들로 발전국가내지 발전주의 복지체제라 불릴 수 있는 공통점들을 가지고 있다. 국가주도 자원배분과 빠른 경제성장, 본인 및 가족 책임이 강한 복지제도, 강한 사회적 규율과 기강이 그런 것들이다. 이들 네 나라의 주택정책은 국가의 직접개입 수준에 따라 상당한 차이를 보이고 있다. 공공주택 위주 국가에서부터 민간시장 중심 국가까지 스펙트럼이 나눠진다. 그러나 표면적인 차이에도 불구하고 동아시아 4개국은 높은 자가소유 지향 속에서 주택이 복지기능과 연계된 자산기반 복지시스템(property-based welfare system)을 공통적인 특징으로 하고 있다. 그런데 1997년의 아시아 경제위기 이후 이들 네 나라는 모두 주택가격 불안정, 저출산·고령화 현상의 심화, 자가소유 정체 현상을 겪고 있다. 동아시아 특유의 자산기반 복지체제에 한계가 나타난 셈이다. 따라서 이들 네 나라의 주택정책은 보다 보편적인 국가역할 - 즉, 주거복지를 포함한 사회안전망 구축과 복지국가 체제 확장, 주택시장 위기관리에 충실해야 될 필요성이 높아지고 있다.

Abstract

Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea have been called four dragons of East Asia with miraculous economic success. These countries share the characteristics of developmental (welfare) state which have factors of state driven resource distribution mostly for economic development, welfare system with higher responsibility of family and individuals and strong social discipline and so on. Housing policies of these countries vary in line with the level of government intervention. There is a spectrum from strong direct intervention with vast public housing supply to market-oriented housing system with little public sector housing. In spite of tenure difference, however, every countries' housing policy is characterized by a property-based welfare system with strong emphasis on home ownership. After Asian financial crisis of 1997, these four countries have been experiencing housing market instability, deepening ageing society and being difficult to expand home ownership. The East Asian countries' peculiar housing policy model characterized with property-based welfare system comes to show its limitation. Therefore it is required for the countries' housing policies to be more focused on developing social safety net including housing welfare and managing housing market instability effectively.

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