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동아시아 주택시장과 주택체제론의 현 단계- 최근 동아시아 주택체제론이 정체된 이유

East Asian Housing Market and the Current Stage of Housing Regime Theory - Why the East Asian Housing Regime Theory has Stagnated Recently

김수현
한국주택학회 (Korean Association For Housing Policy Studies)|2021.05|주택연구 (Housing Studies)|제29권 제2호|pp. 77-106|DOI 10.24957/hsr.2021.29.2.77

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참고문헌

키워드

주택의 금융화자산기반 복지동아시아 주택체제케메니 이론East Asian Housing RegimeAsset-Based WelfareFinancialization of HousingKemeny Theory

초록

주택체제론은 거시적인 시각에서 각국의 주택시장 상황과 정책의 특성을 규명하는 연구 분야이다. 동아시아 주택체제는 서구와 달리 ‘국가’와 ‘가족’의 역할이 강하고, 낮은 국가복지를 주택이 보완하는 성격을 가지고 있었다. 이 때문에 동아시아 주택체제는 제4의 유형으로 간주되기도 했다. 그런데 싱가포르, 홍콩, 대만, 한국, 일본 5개국은 아시아 경제위기 이후 대체로 주택정책에서 시장자율이 강화되고 국가역할은 축소되어 왔다. 반면 가족역할은 여전히 지속됨으로써 ‘자산기반 복지시스템’이라고 하는 동아시아적 특성은 유지되었다. 이런 관점에 따라 다양한 연구들이 2000년대에 등장했다. 하지만 2010년대 들면 새로운 논의가 현격히 줄어들게 된다. 이 연구는 그 원인을 세 가지로 진단했다. 첫째 주택체제의 경로의존적 속성으로 인해 동아시아 국가들의 속성에 큰 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 서구 시각에서 동아시아의 특성이라고 보았던 주택자산 의존현상이 서구에도 만연하게 되었다. 즉, 서구 학자들 입장에서 동아시아적 특수성을 분석할 유인이 떨어진 것이다. 마지막으로 최근 주택의 금융화 현상이 만연하면서, 주택체제 유형론 자체의 유의성이 도전을 받고 있기 때문이다. 이 논문은 이러한 동아시아 주택체제론의 상황을 국내 주택연구에서도 감안할 것을 제안했다.

Abstract

Housing regime theory is a research field that examines the characteristics of each country’s housing market conditions and policies from a macroscopic perspective. Unlike the West, the East Asian housing regime had a strong role of state and family, and housing supplemented the low national welfare. However, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan have generally strengthened market autonomy in housing policies and reduced government intervention after the Asian economic crisis. On the other hand, as the role of the family continued to persist, the East Asian character of the asset-based welfare system was maintained. According to this point of view, various studies were erupted in the 2000s. However, in the 2010s, new discussions declined significantly. Why? This study diagnosed the causes in three ways. First, there was no significant change in the situation of East Asian countries due to the path-dependent nature of the housing regime. Second, the phenomenon of dependence on housing assets, which was viewed as a characteristic of East Asia from a Western perspective, became widespread in the West as well. In other words, from the standpoint of Western scholars, the incentive to analyze East Asian specificity has fallen. Lastly, with the recent widespread financialization of housing, the significance of the housing regime typology itself is being challenged.

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