부모의 사회경제적 배경이 자녀의 첫 주택 구입 기간 및 가격에 미치는 영향
How Parental Socioeconomic Status Influences the Time and Price to Child’s First Homeownership
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부의 세대 간 이전은 자녀의 첫 주택 구입 과정에서 부모의 지원 형태로 나타난다. 부모의 지원 차이는 부모의 사회경제적 배경에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 본 연구는 이에 주목하여 부모의 사회경제적 배경이 자녀의 첫 주택 구입 소요기간과 가격에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 중점으로 실증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 부모의 경제적 능력, 특히 부모의 총자산은 자녀의 첫 주택 구입 소요기간을 단축시키는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자녀의 첫 주택 구입가격이 낮은 분위에서도 마찬가지로 부모의 경제적 능력인 총자산이 중요하게 나타났다. 하지만 자녀의 첫 주택 구입가격이 높은 분위일수록 부모의 총자산, 현재 거주 주택가격, 총부채와 같은 경제적 능력과 함께 부모의 교육수준, 직종과 같은 사회적 능력도 중요하게 나타났다. 이는 부모의 지원 차이에 따른 자녀세대 간의 자산 격차가 첫 주택 구입 소요기간보다 구입가격에서 발생할 수 있음을 시사한다. 이러한 현상을 완화하기 위해선 주태가격 안정화와 같은 정책적 노력이 필요하다.
Abstract
Intergenerational wealth transfers manifest themselves in the form of parental support during the process of a child’s first home purchase. The level of parental support varies according to the socioeconomic status of the parents. This study focuses on how parental socioeconomic status affects the time to purchase and price of a child’s first home. Our results show that, first, parental economic status, especially parental total wealth, reduces the time to purchase a child’s first home; second, parental total wealth matter when the child’s first home price is in the lower quantiles. However, in the higher quantiles, economic status such as parental total assets, current home value, and total debt, as well as social status such as parental education and occupation, also mattered. This suggests that the wealth gap between children’s generations due to differences in parental support may arise from the purchase price rather than the time it takes to purchase a first home. Policy efforts, such as stabilizing housing prices, are needed to mitigate this phenomenon.
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