죄와 벌의 시각화: 일제강점기 김윤보(1865~1938)의 《형정도첩》을 중심으로

Abstract

The Album of Punishments (《刑政圖帖》) is a painting album created by Pyongyang painter Kim Yun‒bo(金允輔, 1865‒1938) for Matsudera Takeo(松寺竹雄, 1870‒1935) who served as the chief prosecutor of the Pyongyang High Court of Korea during the Japanese colonial rule from 1918 to 1920. The Album of Punishments, which covers the crime and punishment that took place in the Joseon Dynasty, had no choice but to reveal its political intentions as it was related to the political situation of the Japanese colonial era. As Matsudera carried out his duties as the chief prosecutor of the High Court of the Japanese Government‒General of Korea, he led various projects in line with the policy direction set by the Japanese Government‒General of Korea to seize the colonial Joseon and its people. In other words, the Establishment of Penalty Association(治刑協會, 1923) and the participation in Chosun Exhibition(朝鮮博覽會, 1929) was an attempt to emphasize the modernized penal administration(刑政) after the Japanese colonial era in comparison with the premodern penal administration of the Joseon Dynasty and to make it known at home and abroad. Through Nakahashi(中橋政吉)’s writing the penal administration of the Joseon Dynasty (『朝鮮舊時の刑政』), he tried to reveal not only the historical roots of the penal administration in the Joseon Dynasty, but also the development of the penal administration that had greatly advanced with Japanese peoples’ help before and after the Japanese colonial era. It seems that Kim Yun‒bo’s Album of Punishments, Matsudera received, played a major role in his actions. This is because the Album of Punishments contains almost all pictures in Annual report on the judicial system (『司法制度沿革圖譜』) published by the Japanese Government‒General of Korea, as well as in the penal administration of the Joseon Dynasty so that it could expand the negative image of the Joseon criminal justice system that Matsudera and the Japanese Government‒General of Korea constantly wanted to emphasize. In particular, the ‘Korean Era’, which refers to the Empire of Daehan(1897~1910), was juxtaposed with the ‘Tokugawa Period’ in Annual report on the judicial system in order to show that they were also reforming the ‘Korean Era’ into a new Joseon, just as a feudal country Tokugawa Period was reformed through the Meiji Restoration. Moreover, the illustrations of the ‘Tokugawa Period’ depicted law enforcement officers as dynamic and courageous, whereas The Album of Punishments depicted the law enforcement officers in the ‘Korean Era’ as those who took brides and undermined the rule of law in. Since this message is conveyed through pictures not text, the images are considered to have been deeply impressed on the minds of those who read and see the pictures.