화이트헤드의 신정론
Whitehead's Understandng of Theodicy
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전통적 신학에서 보는 악과 고난에 대한 설명은 신의 속성을 변론하는 경향을 강하게 갖기 때문에 고통 받고 있는 인간과 세계에 대한 정직하고 책임 있는 실천적 응답을 제공해 주지 못하고 있다. 반면에 과정사상의 신정론은 세상 속의 존재하는 악과 고통의 제반 문제에 대하여 진지하게 고찰하고 악에 대처하는 실천적인 방법을 모색하며 신의 속성과 의미를 새롭게 조명한다. 화이트헤드는 역사에 대한 절대적 낙관주의와 절대적 비관주의를 모두 비판하면서 역사의 비극과 현실 속에서 피어나는 점진적 희망을 이야기한다. 이러한 희망은 참된 자유를 가지고 있는 모든 현실적 존재들이 신의 부름에 응답하고자 하는 실천적 의지 속에서 발견된다. 신은 현실적 존재들의 고통과 기쁨을 함께 경험하면서 더 낳은 선을 추구하며 악을 극복해가는 점진적 이상을 제공해 주는 역할을 한다. 따라서 현실적 존재들은 신의 새로운 이상을 향한 부름에 따라 현존하는 악을 극복해가며 보다 나은 가치와 선을 추구하며 실천해 나가도록 요청받고 있다.
Abstract
This paper examines Whitehead’s conception on the problem of evil and suffering. Whitehead does not present absolute optimistic or absolute pessimistic worldview; rather, he proposes progressive advance in the middle of tragedies of the universe. The universe always preserves tension between good and evil. Whitehead explains this necessity of instability in the universe using terms “wandering,” “vagueness,” and “chaos.” For Whitehead, the reason for occurring evil is due to the metaphysical principle that is the principle of creative process of the universe. The self-determining power of each actual entity, which is inherited in every actual entity, creates a variation between the degree of good and the degree of evil. God assures that the risk for goodness is worthwhile, although there is no guarantee that the world order will be progressive. What is crucial in Whitehead’s theodicy is the belief that the freedom of the actual entity has eternal value and significance. God’s constant initial aims for good and the responses of actual entities with genuine freedom offer genuine hope for the world to be better in the middle of risks of the world to be worse. In Whitehead’s metaphysical principle, all actual entities seek aesthetic values of harmony and intensity. In the last section, I propose some fundamental elements of Whitehead’s theodicy: the denunciation of traditional Christian answers to the problem of evil, the revision of traditional idea of God, the emphasis of the freedom of the actual entity, the description of God who is compassionate and overcomes the evil.
참고문헌 (17)
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