기독교 신학의 내적 딜레마에 대한 과정사상의 응답: 실체철학의 종말과 범재신론의 도래
A Response of Process Theology to the Internal Dilemma of Traditional Christian Ideas: the Collapse of Substance Philosophy and the Necessary Arising of Panentheism
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초록
이 글은 화이트헤드의 유기체철학이 제공하는 사상적 실마리들을통해 기독교 신학의 문제들을 해결하고자 한다. 이글이 주목하고 있는주제는 가시적으로 나타난 기독교 신학과 과학 사이의 갈등의 문제보다도, 그 갈등을 유발시킨 실체론적 존재론의 문제와 그 존재론에 기초하였을 때 기독교 신학 내부에 필연적으로 발생하는 딜레마이다. 먼저전통적인 기독교 세계관의 특징과 그것이 안고 있는 내적 문제가 무엇인지를 서술한 다음, 과정사상에 근거한 신학적 방법론이 어떤 해결책을 줄 수 있는지를 살펴보기로 하자.
Abstract
This paper suggests that process panentheism can be a cosmological solution for the internal dilemma of traditional Christian theology which stems from its adoption of substance philosophy. The dilemma, which was systematically internalized in Christian thoughts by Thomas Aquinas and fixed by Calvin and Leibniz, engenders so many theological problems in explaining important Christian doctrines such as the cosmological relation of God and the world, the Christological understanding of the divinity-humanity relationship in Jesus Christ, the eschatological interaction of the secular history and the divine salvific history, the responsibility for evils in the world,and etc. This paper proposes that such theological problems necessarily arise when theological ideas are formulated with the philosophical base of substantialism in which traditional Christian theologies were deeply engaged, and that the philosophical engagement of Christian theology with substantialism results in supernaturalistic cosmological dualism because of which Christian theology fails to dialogue with the modern scientific worldview. Instead of the philosophical adoption of substance philosophy, this paper argues, Christian theology needs to employ process thoughts,especially its cosmological framework－panentheism, which point out “the solidarity of the universe.” This paper finally examines how Christian theology can differently and consistently explain its doctrines of cosmology, Christology, eschatology, and theodicy when it formulates the doctrines on the philosophical basis of process panentheism.
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