화이트헤드의 神論에 관한 硏究 - 自然主義 神論을 中心으로 -
Theological Theory in A. N. Whitehead's God: Based on Naturalistic Theism
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과정철학에서 신의 등장은 형이상학적 요구에 의해 신과 세계의 밀접하고 역동적인 관계성을 구성하게 만든다. 생성과 유기체적 세계관을 지탱하기 위해 불러들인 화이트헤드의 신 개념은 그의 과정 형이상학의 발전과 더불어 전개되었다. 그러한 신은 생성과 유기체적 세계관의 지배를 받아 신 또한 특정한 주체로 완벽한 것이 아니라 시간의 흐름 속에 세계와 영향력을 주고 받는 실재라는 새로운 존재론적 해석이 요청되었다. 화이트헤드는 신과 세계의 관계를 전통적인 유신론의 이원론적 도식으로 이해하는 것을 피하고자 했다. 우주는 과정 중에 있는 세계이지만, 신은 전체 과정의 선행적 기반이 되는 실재이면서 그 과정에서 모든 존재자들의 개념적 형식들이 시간의 세계로 들어오도록 한다. 그리고 신의 개념적 실현 때문에 신은 모든 현실태의 경험을 내포한다. 이러한 형이상학적 신의 과정은 자연주의에 따라 일관되게 적용된다. 화이트헤드의 자연주의적 신론은 신과 모든 만물이 존재론적이고 인식론적으로 초월성과 내재성을 겸비한 채 서로 철저하게 의존하며 창조적인 완성을 위해 서로를 견인하고 있다고 보아야 할 것이다.
Abstract
The idea of Whitehead's god is based on his metaphysics, dissimilar to traditional theism. Whitehead's vision is process-based and organistic. The dualism of god and world was deserted, god and world together make creative progress. The ground of god as the source of realization is an ontological principle, in which every reason to become is in actual entity. The idea of god is related to world immanently, but god still as source of order. God of process philosophy has worked together in all creation of world's order, consequently god apprehends world much more. Therefore the organizations of order put on solidarity within all entities and all entities in the world are apprehended by god's consequent nature. In this process, god of process philosophy has transcendence and immanence at the same time. The bipolarity of god is needed for the appearance of god being both transcendent and immanent. Therefore naturalistic theism, affecting the development of process philosophy, would be organistic metaphysical god. It is in reality that the world is immanent in god, as that god is immanent in the world.
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