난독증을 주소로 내원한 한국인 환자들의 임상양상: 얼렌증후군과의 연관성
Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Dyslexia in Korea : Correlation With Meares-Irlen Syndrome
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목적: 한국인 난독증(dyslexia) 환자들의 임상양상 및 연관질환을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 난독증을 주소로 내원한 16명의 한국인 환자를 두 군(얼렌증후군: 1군, 11명, 그 외 난독증: 2군, 5명)을 대상으로 책을 읽을 때 나타나는 증상을 조사하고 안과적 눈검사를 시행하여 얼렌증후군에 특이한 증상 및 눈소견이 있는지 알아보았다. 얼렌증후군 의 진단은 색조렌즈를 착용 후 증상이 호전된 경우로 하였다. 결과: 1군에서 가장 흔한 증상은 문장이 겹쳐 보이는 증상(72%), 문장 줄이 바뀔 때 잘 찾지 못하는 증상(46%), 단어를 거꾸로 읽는 증상(27%)이었고 2군에서는 가장 흔한 증상은 오래 볼 때 흐릿해지는 증상이 5명 모두에서 나타났고(100%), 눈피로나 통증이 20%로 그 다음으로 흔한 증상으로 나타났다. 흔히 동반된 눈질환은 각군당 굴절이상(63%, 20%), 안구건조증(18%, 60%), 외사위(18%, 60%)로 나타났다. 결론: 문장이 겹쳐 보이거나 줄이 바뀔 때 찾기 힘든 증상은 얼렌증후군 때만 나타나는 특이한 증상으로 나타났고 난독증을 유발하는 눈질환으로는 굴절이상, 안구건조증, 외사위 등이었다.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the main symptoms and associated ocular diseases in patients with dyslexia (reading difficulty) in Korean subjects. Methods: A total of 16 patients were enrolled in the present study. Eleven of the patients with Meares-Irlen syndrome whose symptoms improved with tinted lenses comprised Group 1. The other 5 patients whose reading difficulty improved with other ocular therapy and did not require tinted lenses comprised Group 2. The main symptoms causing dyslexia and associated ocular diseases were evaluated. Results: The mean age was 18.9 ± 8.9 years in Group 1, and 20.4 ± 12.3 years in Group 2. In Group 1, the most common symptoms while reading were doubling (72%), difficulty to move lines (46%), letter reversal (27%) and blurring or ocular pain (27%). On the other hand, blurring (100%) with fatigue or pain (20%) was documented in Group 2. The associated ocular diseases in Group 1 and Group 2 were refractive error (63% and 20%), dry eye (18% and 60%), and exophoria (18% and 60%), respectively. Conclusions: Doubling and difficulty to move lines while reading were the main specific symptoms in Meares-Irlen syndrome in the present study. Refractive error, dry eye, and exophoria were commonly associated in patients with dyslexia.
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